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Managing Environmental Sustainability: Global Concerns and Indicators

Explore the critical importance of environmental sustainability with a focus on Sustainable Development and issues like natural disasters, pollution, and mismanagement. Delve into indicators covering air pollutants and budget allocation for environmental protection. Discover how environmental sustainability relates to broader UN Millennium Development Goals, emphasizing access to safe water and improving living conditions. Get insights into statistical sources and considerations for accurate data analysis.

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Managing Environmental Sustainability: Global Concerns and Indicators

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  1. Environment Bratislava, May 2003 Jean-Etienne Chapron Statistical Division UNECE

  2. Environment • An area of paramount importance for human living conditions • A worldwide concern, associated to the concept of Sustainable Development • UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992 • UN World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002

  3. Environment • Three main categories of issues • Incidence of natural disasters (earthquakes, avalanches) • Immediate effects of pollution of air, water, soil, food • Longer term/indirect effects of mismanagement of environment

  4. Environment • A limited standardisation • Natural disasters are country-specific • Indicators of incidence of natural disasters depend on the nature of disasters (e.g., earthquakes vs floods)

  5. Environment • A limited standardisation (cont.) • Type of pollution (air, water, soil, food) varies across countries • Mismanagement of environment is very diversified (destruction of forest in Albania, Chernobyl in Ukraine & Belarus, Aral sea in Kazakhstan)

  6. Environment • Two sets of indicators • Environment risk, management and protection • Principal air pollutants

  7. Environment Environment risk, management and protection • Budgetary funds allocated to environmental protection and relief, per capita (constant prices)

  8. Environment Environment risk, management and protection (cont.) • Proportion of land area covered by forest • Area protected to maintain biological diversity (% of total land) • Strictly protected area • National parks • Protected landscapes • Etc.

  9. Environment Environment risk, management and protection (cont.) • Unit of energy use (Kiloton of Oil Equivalent) per $1* GDP • Or, if data available: Unit of energy from environmentally acceptable sources per $1* GDP • % of total energy obtained from renewable source * Using Purchasing Power Parity

  10. Environment Principal air pollutants • Carbon dioxide (CO2)* • Ozone depleting CFCs* • Sulphure dioxide (SO2)* • Nitrogene dioxide (NO2)* • Volatile organic compounds* • Toxic waste* • Proportion of population using solid fuels * Kg per capita

  11. Environment Relation to MDG 7 « Ensure environmental sustainability » • Goal 7 has a broader scope • Environment as described above • Sustainable access of population to safe drinking water (see « Housing characteristics ») • Improvement in the lives of slum dwellers (see « Housing characteristics »)

  12. Environment Relation to MDG 7 « Ensure environmental sustainability » (cont.) • NHDR indicators also cover public effort • NHDR indicators cover more air pollutants

  13. Environment Statistical sources • International statistical standards exist for all indicators proposed (including conversion into kiloton of oil equivalent) • National sources can be fairly diversified • National statistical office • Ministry (or Agency) of Environment • Ministry of Finance (budgetary funds) • Ministry of Agriculture (forest)

  14. Environment Statistical sources (cont.) • Risks of inconsistency over time (change in methodology, transfer of responsibility): Use only homogeneous time series • Outdated years of reference may give a biased view of the current situation: do not use • Coverage of air pollution indicators: Only urban? Urban and rural (if yes, separate)?

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