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FOUNDATION FOOTING - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FOUNDATION FOOTING. Foundation. The foundation system of building, its substructure, is a critical link in transmission of building loads to the ground. Foundation is a structure built to transfer the dead loads and live loads or weight of building to the material below . .
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Foundation
- The foundation system of building, its substructure, is a critical link in transmission of building loads to the ground. Foundation is a structure built to transfer the dead loads and live loads or weight of
building to the
material below.
CLASSIFICATION
- Foundation are generally classified as either deep or shallow. The depth bearing area of shallow foundation generally is no deeper than about the width of the bearing surface. Deep foundation provide support for a structure by transferring the loads to competent soil and rock at stone depth below the structure.
Shallow foundation
- Shallow foundation can be either footing or pad. They consist reinforced concrete slabs formed directly on a prepared soil base. Footing may be spread, combined, or continuous. Terzaghi and peck define that shallow foundation as the footing width equal to or greater than its depth.
Spread footing
- Spread footing They typically 0.9 to 2.4 to 3m square. Their bearing surface is typically less than 2.5 times their width (<2.5B).
Combine footing
- Combine footing are similar to spread footing but support two or more columns
Continuous or Strip
- Continuous or Strip footing is an elongated shallow foundation that typically support as single row of column or a wall or other type of strip loading.
Weight
Large Distributed
Weight
Low
Weight
Strong Rock
ApplicationsWeak
Soil
Weak Rock or
distributed over
competent Soil
Load limitations
Shallow foundations can
cope with compression
and inclined loads
Shallow foundations are
limited in tension capacity
by the footing weight
D
C
Deep Foundation
- It is opposite to shallow foundation. It has been developed to increase bearing capacity/stability and reduce settlement by build them deeper than shallow one due to building going larger and heavier.It can be divided into 3 types as details later on.
Weight
Large Distributed
Weight
Low
Weight
Strong Rock
BasementBasement
Weak
Soil
Weak Rock or
distributed over
competent Soil
Caissons
Open CaissonsPneumatic Caissons Box Caisson (floating)
Methods
- Pile driving formulae
- Static load test
- Dynamic or Statnamic load test
- Static formulae
s
tc
D
Pile driving formulae- e.g. Hiley formula
Ru = e.W.h .
(set + tc / 2)
- Newton’s law - two rigid bodies
- Efficiency?
- Static resistance only
- Correlate
- MORE details later
Axial Capacity
Fu
Fu + W = Pbase + Pshaft
W
Shear failure at pile shaft
Pbase
Bearing failure at the pile base
Group Capacity
Pile Cap
- Overlapping stress fields
- Progressive densification
- Progressive loosening
- Case-by-case basis
Pug¹n.Pup
Pug = e.n.Pup
