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DNA Identification

DNA Identification. Where does DNA come from? 1/2 from mom 1/2 from dad What is it? “Blue print” of life How is DNA different among us? Common vs Different What does “DNA” mean? Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Cell. Where can DNA be found?. Cell Types. Blood. Hair Roots. Saliva. SAME.

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DNA Identification

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  1. DNA Identification • Where does DNA come from? • 1/2 from mom • 1/2 from dad • What is it? • “Blue print” of life • How is DNA different among us? • Common vs Different • What does “DNA” mean? • Deoxyribonucleic Acid

  2. Cell Where can DNA be found? Cell Types Blood Hair Roots Saliva SAME Sweat Semen Various Tissue

  3. Types of objects where DNA may be found • Blood Stains • Semen Stains • Chewing Gum • Stamps & Envelopes • Penile Swabs • Sweaty Clothing • Bone • Hair • Fingernail Scrapings • Saliva

  4. Nucleus Where is DNA in the body? Cell

  5. Where types of DNA are found in a cell? Cell Mitochondrial DNA Nuclear DNA

  6. Nucleus Paternal Chromosome Maternal Chromosome Where is DNA in the body?

  7. Chromosome DNA Where is DNA in the body?

  8. Double Helix A T C G DNA- What it looks like Units A =Adenine T =Thymine G =Guanine C =Cytosine

  9. 4 5 TCTA AGAT TCTA AGAT TCTA TCTA AGAT TCTA AGAT 7 6 AGAT TCTA AGAT TCTA AGAT TCTA TCTA AGAT TCTA TCTA AGAT STR Short Tandem Repeat AGAT DNA Profile =4,6 TCTA DNA Profile =5,7

  10. Isolation of DNA Chemical DNA Blood Hair Roots Saliva Sweat Tissue

  11. Epithelial DNA Semen stain Different Chemical Sperm DNA Chemical Differential Isolation of DNA Semen stain Remove Epithelial DNA Sperm DNA

  12. DNA Amplification (making copies) Solution

  13. DENATURE A A T T G C G C A A T T T A T A A T A T G G C C Heat Step one of a single cycle

  14. ANNEAL A A G T G A T T C A C A A T T T T T C Step two of a single cycle

  15. T G G A C A T T G A G T A A G T G A A T G A T A T A T T C T A T C C T EXTEND Step three of a single cycle

  16. Amplification 28 Cycles 1 Cycle 2 Cycles DNA 3 Cycles 4 Cycles 5 Cycles PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

  17. Amplified DNA Analysis of amplified DNA DNA Profile

  18. Area 5 Area 4 Area 3 Area 2 Evidence AREAS OF DNA Area 1 Sex Area 6 Ref.Std.2 Ref.Std.1 SAMPLE 14,15 14,15 17,18 17,18 23,24 23,24 X,X X,X 13,13 13,13 30,30 30,30 15,19 15,19 15,16 16,17 20,23 X,Y 12,14 30,30 13.2,15 15,16 16,17 20,23 X,Y 12,14 30,30 13.2,15

  19. STR results The DNA from the evidence stain and the reference sample from the suspect match. The frequency of this matching pattern is approximately 1 in 520,000,000,000 in the Caucasian population, 1 in 618,500,000,000 in the African American population and 1 in 532,000,000,000 in the Hispanic population. Based on these results the suspect is the source of the evidence stain to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.

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