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The Stone Age

The Stone Age. Paleolithic & Neolithic. Paleolithic from c. 2.3 million years ago…. The Ice Ages. 900,000 years ago… Climate change Land bridges revealed Migration possible 100,000 years ago…again Glacial shift Those who adapted survived. Glaciers. To about c. 8000BC.

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The Stone Age

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  1. The Stone Age Paleolithic & Neolithic

  2. Paleolithic from c. 2.3 million years ago….

  3. The Ice Ages 900,000 years ago… Climate change Land bridges revealed Migration possible 100,000 years ago…again Glacial shift Those who adapted survived

  4. Glaciers

  5. To about c. 8000BC • Population: 1,000,000 (yes, that is all!)

  6. Hunter/Gatherers • Groups, or bands of 30-50 members • Life expectancy low: around 25 years • Goal: survival • Wanderers: 2 square mile radius = home territory • Followed migration • Diet: nuts,fruit, berries, herbs, honey, sticks, bugs, eggs, bones…

  7. A lot has changed….

  8. Homo Habilis (2.3m – 1.8m)Man with Skills Hunter/Gatherer Tool making Canoes Cooking Strategy Bone marrow protein

  9. Homo Erectus (1.8m – 160,000)man who walks upright

  10. And finally, Homo Sapienman who thinks (160,000 - -8,000)

  11. These come in two types… • Neanderthal: • Named after the Neander River in Germany • Attributes included: • Hunters • Builders • Buried their dead in graves

  12. Then there is…Cro-Magnon Named after a rock shelter in France • Attributes include: • Toolmaking…burin (chisel) • Spear throwing (safer hunting) • Axe • Raft • Body ornaments (rings, necklaces…) • Bone flutes, statues, art • Rules of society – first leaders

  13. How did we make this change? • Fire • Farming • Domestication

  14. Fire provided… • Heat • Protection • Cooking started • Leisure time • Longer life expectancy • Advancements in technology, such as…

  15. Tools • Spears Pebble tools • Bone needles Fish hooks

  16. Shelter • Dried river beds • Overhanging rocks • Caves for emergency • Animal skin

  17. Clothing • Animal skins/fur • Who is this?

  18. Religion • Cave paintings -Burying the dead

  19. Government • Run by the leaders, who were selected according to who was the best hunter, or the eldest member • Gender roles were assumed, based on the need of the band’s survival

  20. communication • Primitive language evolution • It started with grunting and pointing… Rock not food!

  21. The Neolithic Age c. 8,000 – 4,000 BC New Stone Age

  22. Revolution (Farming Revolution) Longer time to produce crops • Less hunting, due to domestication • More food is the result • People settled in one area – territory • They lived longer • Developed trades/occupations • Established villages

  23. Villages vs. Bands • Bands = 30 – 50 folks • Villages = 220 – 6,000 folks, or more • Examples are : • Jericho - Catal Huyuk

  24. Jericho today…

  25. Catal Huyuk

  26. Room in Catal Huyuk

  27. From general to specific Metal (Bronze Age – 4,000BC) • Tools • Wood, stone, METAL (bronze, tin, copper) • The sickle/blade

  28. Skills • Farming • Pottery making • Herding cattle • Weaving cloth • Metal work (new application of fire) • Construction/architecture • Ovens • More advanced language

  29. Shelter • Made with mud bricks • Support beams in place • Elevated entrances • Security greatly increased • Strength in numbers • Walled villages • Sturdier buildings

  30. religion • Each house had a shrine/worship room • Mother Goddess • Earth deities • Worship of elements (fire, water…) • Village Chief oversaw religious ceremonies – leadership/government had a basis in religion

  31. Occupations • People Specialized • Farmer • Herder • Weaver • Potter • Metal worker

  32. By the end of the era… • Population had gone from 1 million to about 90 million people! Wow! • Villages were like Medieval Manors…but wait! That’s 8th grade! • To be continued…

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