1 / 21

Chemical Reactions Ch 10

Chemical Reactions Ch 10. Chemical Reactions. A + B => AB reactants (R) => products(P). Chemical Reactions. Evidence of Chemical reaction: A) bubbles form (g) B) precipitate forms (s) C) odor D) color change E) energy change. Chemical reactions.

mac
Download Presentation

Chemical Reactions Ch 10

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chemical Reactions Ch 10

  2. Chemical Reactions • A + B => AB • reactants (R) => products(P)

  3. Chemical Reactions • Evidence of Chemical reaction: • A) bubbles form (g) • B) precipitate forms (s) • C) odor • D) color change • E) energy change

  4. Chemical reactions • Symbols for states of matter: • “s” -----solid • “cr”------crystals • “g” -----gas • “l” -----liquid • “aq”------ions in H2O

  5. Chemical reactions • => yields or produces •  reversible reactions • + react with or “and”

  6. Chemical Reactions • Subscripts---indicate the # of at in a formula ( never change subscripts to balance an eq) • Coefficients—large # in front of formula that indicates the # of moles reacting. Use coefficients to balance eq

  7. Chemical Reactions • Due to Law of Conservation of Mass, the chem eq must be “balanced”. “P” must = “R” in mass and in # of atoms • Chemical sentence: • Two moles of potassium chlorate decompose to produce 2 moles of potassium chloride and 3 moles of oxygen gas • 2KClO3 => 2KCl + 3 O2

  8. Chemical Reactions • REMEMBER THE DIATOMIC MOLECULES: use when these elements occur “alone” in reaction. • --- O2 • -----N2 • ------H2 • ------F2 • -----Cl2 • -----Br2 -------I2

  9. Solutions • Aqueous solution—a solution in which the solvent is H2O • HCl (aq) => H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) • When HCl is added to H2O it forms ions of H+ & Cl-

  10. Reaction types • Types of Reactions: • A) synthesis: 2 or more substances combine to form 1 new substance • ele + ele => comp • 2 Na + S => Na2S • ele + comp => comp • O2 + 2SO2 => 2SO3

  11. Reaction Types • 2. Single replacement: 1 ele replaces another ele in a comp. • Remember: metal replaces metal and non-metal replaces non-metal • Ele + Comp => comp + ele • K + NaCl => KCl + Na or Cl2 + MgBr2 => MgCl2 + Br2

  12. Replacement Series • On page 281 of text find the replacement series. • An ele can replace any ele below it in the chart • Ex: Li metal can replace any other metal in a comp • F2 replace any other halogen from a comp • F • Cl • Br • I

  13. Reaction Types • 3.Double Replacement: • The “+” and “-” portions of 2 comp are interchanged • Compound + compound => compound + compound • NaOH + HCl => NaCl + HOH • Silver nitrate reacts with sulfuric acid to produce silver sulfate and nitric acid

  14. Neutralization Reaction: A double replacement reaction between acid and base. • Products are ALWAYS water and a salt • HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 => HOH + Ca(NO3)2 Balance the equation

  15. Reaction Types • 4. Combustion: Reaction of a hydrocarbon and oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide ( Heat is released ) ( exothermic) • CnH2n+2 + O2 => H2O + CO2

  16. Reaction Types • 5. Nuclear Reactions: • 210Po => 206Pb + 4He • 84 82 2

  17. Reaction Types • 6. Decomposition: breaking up of substances into simpler substances when energy is supplied. • Comp => ele + ele • Comp => ele + comp

  18. Reaction types • Types of decomposition: • A) simple • binary comp => ele + ele • 2 NaCl => 2 Na + Cl2 • B) metallic carbonate decomposition • MCO3 => MO + CO2 • C) metallic hydroxide decomposition • MOH => MO + H2O • D) metallic chlorate decomposition • MClO3 => MCl + O2

  19. Balancing Equations • 1.Write the skeleton eq for reaction • H2(g) + Cl2(g) => HCl (g) • 2. Count the at of the ele in the “R” • 3. Count the at of the ele in the “P” • 4. Change the coefficients to make the # of at of each ele = on both sides of eq • 5. Write the coefficients in the lowest ratio

  20. Balancing Equations • Page 290 have charts with guidelines for balancing; • double-replacement reactions

  21. Write, balance and classify the following: • 1. water and magnesium acetate forms when acetic acid reacts with magnesium hydroxide. • 2. Aluminum hydroxide reacts with silver nitrate to form silver hydroxide and aluminum nitrate.

More Related