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Mineral Properties

Luster. The appearance of light reflected by a mineral metallic - has the brilliant appearance of a metal; often opaque.. Luster. They way the mineral reflects light.Metallic -looks like metalNonmetallic - does not look like metalVitreous -looks like glassPearly -looks like pearlsResinous -

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Mineral Properties

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    1. Mineral Properties

    2. Luster The appearance of light reflected by a mineral metallic - has the brilliant appearance of a metal; often opaque.

    3. Luster

    4. Hardness Resistance to be scratrched. A mineralologist by Fredich Mohs developed a hardness scale using ten common minerals.

    5. Hardness A measure of a mineral's resistance to scratching. A scale of relative hardness, Moh's hardness scale, lists the hardness of 10 minerals and some everyday objects.

    6. Hardness The hardness of an unknown mineral is discovered by determining whether or not it will scratch the minerals and objects on the list.

    8. Hardness Mohs’ Hardness Scale Hardness/Mineral Test 1 Talc fingernail 2 Gypsum Fingernail 3 Calcite Penny 4 Fluorite Steel Nail 5 Apatite Steel Nail

    9. Hardness Mohs’ Hardness Scale Hardness Mineral Test 6 Feldspar Glass 7 Quartz Glass 8*Topaz Quartz 9*Corundum Quartz 10*Diamond Quartz * Not in collection

    10. Hardness Mohs’ Hardness Scale Tom goose can fly and fred’s quiet trout can dive

    11. Cleavage The tendency for a mineral to break along predefined planes of weakness, usually forming smooth surfaces. The weak planes are controlled by the internal structure of the crystal.

    12. Cleavage Not all minerals possess cleavage, only those which break in specific directions on relatively smooth planes. Some minerals have more than one direction of cleavage.

    13. Cleavage Tendency of a mineral to break on a flat surfaces. Mica - one direction Feldspar - two directions Calcite & Galena -three directions

    17. Fracture The way a mineral breaks along a non-cleavage surface. Conchoidal -shell-like fracture Fibrous Splintery Irregular Earthy - breaks like dirt

    18. Fracture Minerals which do not break in a predictable fashion along smooth planes (cleavage) will break along an uneven surface called fracture.

    19. Crystal Shape Regular geometric solid See fig 3-14 Cubic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, triclinic, hexagonal, monoclinic

    20. Crystal form This describes the external shape of a crystal. Although size may vary, many, but not all, minerals have a distinctive shape:

    21. Crystal form cubic - halite, pyrite, fluorite, galena rhombohedral - calcite flat sheets - mica, clay minerals prismatic - quartz

    22. Color Although it is easy to recognize, color is often misleading; some minerals occur in a wide variety of colors (quartz, fluorite, calcite...). Some minerals,however, do have fairly distinctive colors (olivine,malachite, amphibole...).

    23. Color Easiest but least useful Many minerals have similar color. Traces of impurities can change color

    24. Color Sometimes color is not easy to determine, particularly if the mineral has a metallic luster; in these cases, streak is used instead

    26. Streak The color of powder on an unglazed white tile. Hematite -red streak Pyrite - greenish black streak

    27. Streak The color of powdered particles of a mineral. The powder is produced by rubbing the mineral on a white, porcelain plate. This only works with minerals of hardness<7 since that is the hardness of the porcelain streak plate.

    29. Specific Gravity Related to the density, or weight per unit volume of a mineral. Some minerals feel heavier than expected for their size. These minerals have high specific gravity.

    30. Heft How heavy it feels in comparsion to other minerals. Galena -heavy Kalonite -light

    31. Other properties: Fizz test Calcite is the only mineral which fizzes (releases bubbles of CO2) in contact with dilute HCl (hydrochloric acid).

    32. Double refraction Clear crystals of calcite can be seen through, but produce a double image.

    33. Special Properties Fluorescence is glowing under ultraviolet light Radioactive Magnetism

    34. Senses Taste Smell Feel Hear

    35. Families Silicates -minerals containing silicon and oxygen. Quartz- second most abundant mineral Feldspar - first most abundant mineral Mica Amphiboles(hornblende) Talc Pyroxenes (augite)

    36. Families Silicates Olivine Kaolinite

    37. Families Carbonate - carbon and three oxygen Calcite Dolomite Azurite/Malachite Siderite

    38. Families Oxides- metal and oxygen Hematite Magnetite Sulfide - metal and sulfur Pyrite Sphalerite Galena

    39. Families Phosphate-Phosphorus and oxygen Apatite Halides-metal and fluoride or Chlorine Fluorite Halite Sulfate- metal and sulfur and oxygen Native Element -single element

    40. Uses Ores -mineral minned for its metal Gems

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