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EXPLORING THE LITERATURE IN PSYCHOLOGY

The hypothesis for a research proposal should emerge from the literature review, rather than the other way around. The rationale underlying your hypothesis is critical! Scientific articles are very different from other literaturespecific rules as well as specific terminology ("jargon"). . Develo

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EXPLORING THE LITERATURE IN PSYCHOLOGY

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    1. EXPLORING THE LITERATURE IN PSYCHOLOGY

    2. The hypothesis for a research proposal should emerge from the literature review, rather than the other way around. The rationale underlying your hypothesis is critical! Scientific articles are very different from other literature specific rules as well as specific terminology ("jargon"). (e.g., "older siblings have better self-images than younger siblings," "music interferes with reading comprehension"). the hypothesis should be derived from a literature review (e.g., "older siblings have better self-images than younger siblings," "music interferes with reading comprehension"). the hypothesis should be derived from a literature review

    3. PARTS OF AN ARTICLE

    4. Title and Author (s) States independent and dependent variables. Example: “The effect of dopamine inhibitors on t-maze performance in gerbils”

    5. Abstract Short paragraph (150 words) that summarizes the key points of an article. Because abstracts are so short, critical details (e.g., operational definitions) are often not included so you will need to read the full-text article to get this information. Abstract should convey Main problem Procedure Results 1 sentence Conclusion/implication

    6. Introduction Author's literature review, rationale, and hypotheses. Pay careful attention to the references that the author cites, then consider obtaining copies of those articles. A good introduction leads the reader through the a chain of reasoning explaining why the current experiment is the necessary next step in the progression of science.

    7. Method Describes in detail what was done. Sufficiently detailed so that another experimenter could replicate. One of the most valuable sections for designing your own study! Look for standardized instruments and operational definitions of your variables In other words, there is no need to "reinvent the wheel". Subsections: Participants Design Materials Procedure

    8. Results Descriptive and inferential statistics presented. Read this section carefully, if you can't remember how to interpret a particular statistic, review your PSY 223 text. Take careful notes on the results presented, because these can be used as the basis/rationale for the predictions you make in your proposals. Results often reported in a Table or Figure. Table Issues IV & DV Figure Issues IV & DV, y and x axis Bar vs. line Misleading figures. Inferential, probability that observed differences are due to chance.Inferential, probability that observed differences are due to chance.

    10. Discussion The most creative section of an article “Here you will examine, interpret, and qualify the results, and draw inferences and conclusions from them.” (APA, 2010) Restate the data Relate data to hypotheses and previous research Integrate results with literature cited in introduction. Were hypotheses supported or disconfirmed, and why? Are the author's results consistent with those reported by others, and if not, why?

    11. Discussion (cont…) Implications & Limitations Is a new theory required to explain current results? Any potential limitations of this study? Recommendations for future research this can be a source for your study!

    12. References Include only articles cited in text. Format provided in textbook. This is where you will find other articles related to the author's. This can save you a lot of time searching to find relevant articles.

    13. CHECKLIST FOR CRITICAL READERS

    14. Be a CRITICAL reader!!!!!!! Do not just read articles passively, nor should you just uncritically accept what the author says! Even experts can overlook important confounding variables, use poor operational definitions, or even use flawed logic in developing/interpreting their hypotheses and result. Be an active reader. Always trying to think "one step ahead" of the writer Try to anticipate what the author is going to say next, and think of how you would say it before you read the author's.

    15. Introduction What is the author's goal? What hypothesis will be tested in the experiment? If I had to design an experiment to test this hypothesis, what would I do?

    16. Method Is my proposed method better than the author's? Does the author's method actually test the hypothesis? What are the independent, dependent, and control variables? Using the method described by the author, what results would predict for the experiment?

    17. Results Did the author get unexpected results? How would I interpret the results? What implications would I draw from the results?

    18. Discussion Does my interpretation or the author’s interpretation best represent the data? Do I or does the author present the most convincing discussion of the implications of the results?

    19. Homework: 1-page paper review Anderson & Morrow (1995) Title & Authors Intro: Main issue Author’s goal hypotheses to-be-tested Exp 1: Purpose Method: Results: Discussion: Exp 2: Purpose Method: Results: Discussion: General Discussion

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