NOUNS

1. Nouns and compound nouns NOUNS Nouns are names of • Person-Marc, Lucy, Helen etc. • Place- Lyon, Tunisia, London-etc • Some class or category- • cat, dog, king, prince • Things- bottle, paper, book etc

2. Types of nouns TYPES OF NOUNS WITH EXAMPLES 1. Proper noun- specific names: Lucy, George, France, Lyon etc. NOTE: They are always written in capital letters. 2. Common noun: boy, book, shop, house etc. ( written in capital only if they are in the beginning of the sentences). Example: Houses are of many types. 3. Collective noun: A word used to represent a group of people or thing. Example: flock, jury, choir, team etc. 4. Abstract noun: A word which names something that you cannot see, touch, smell or taste. Example: childhood, joy, pleasure etc. 5. Uncountable nouns: Things which cannot be counted Example: Food, music etc.

3. Compound nouns COMPOUND NOUNS • Words can be combined to form compound nouns. • They normally have two parts. • Example: boy + friend= boyfriend. • police + man= policeman. • Noun can be compounded with different parts of speech and thus called as compound nouns.

4. The two parts may be written in many • ways • As one word: policeman, boyfriend • As two words joined with hyphen: • dining-table • 3. As two separate words: fish tank • NOTE: There are no clear rules

5. Nouns and parts of speech Noun can be compounded with different parts of speech and thus called as compound noun Noun + noun : bedroom, motor cycle, water tank Ex: I have a red motor cycle. Noun + verb : rain +fall, hair +cut. Ex: There’s heavy rainfall today Verb + noun: washing machine , swimming pool Ex: I wash my clothes in washing machine. Note: There are two forms N+V and V+N Examples

6. Noun + adverb: hanger-on, passer-by. Ex: Passers-by are not allowed to enter in this gate. Adverb + noun: onlooker, bystander Ex: He looks like and innocent bystander.

7. Compound words are also formed with any • two different parts of speech other than noun and • works as a noun in the sentence Verb + adverb= lookout, take-off, drawback Ex: He is very lazy and that is his drawback. Adverb+ verb: out put, over throw Used in the sentences as noun Ex: Manufacturing output was down by 1.6% last year. Some examples with

8. Adj with verbs NOTE: We have adjective + noun but not noun+ adjective. We have adjective pairing with verb Adjective + noun : green house, soft ware. Ex: This software is very useful in capturing the data. Adjective + verb : dry cleaning, public speaking Ex: Good communication is important for public speaking (used as noun in the sentences)

9. Exercise Exercise: Choose and fill in the compound nouns Driving license, haircut, greenhouse, washing machine, printer cartridge, swimming pool A place where you can grow vegetables and flowers = a ____________ In your house, there is a where you can sleep ___________. My clothes are dirty. I put them into the ___________. Sarah went to the hairdresser. She's got a very nice __________. I need a ___________ to use a car. My printer doesn't work any longer. The __________ is empty. The weather is very warm. Let's go to the ___________ !

10. Exercise 2 Exercise:2:-Combine the words in the bracket to form compound nouns The boss has bought (save/time) ___________ machine tool. 2. In winter my (face/ north) _________________ bed room is very cold. 3. The (seat/back) _______ passenger must fasten his seat belt. This (straw-berry/wild) __________ice-cream was a delicious desert. The (self/employed) workers complain about paying heavy taxes.

11. Noun +gerund • Verbs ( action words) with ‘ing’ are called gerunds. • Gerunds also combine with noun and become a noun-gerund combination • Example : Sea ( noun) + diving ( verb) = sea diving • .Sea diving is a good adventure. • I like horse riding

12. Exercise nouns and gerund Choose the compound nouns given below and match the pictures. Financial planning Movie making Horse riding Sea diving Pot making