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Birth of the PRC

Explore the birth of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, and the ideologies of the Communist Party, including Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' Communist Manifesto. Delve into the government structure, factionalism, and decision-making processes throughout the Mao era and into the present under Xi Jinping's leadership. Understand the formal and informal government structures and the role of factional political debates in shaping China's political landscape.

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Birth of the PRC

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  1. Order-Chaos Fulfilled? New Ideology Mao Dynasty? Nationalism legitimizes the Communists October 1, 1949 Birth of the PRC

  2. CPC Ideology Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto 1848 • Basics: Capitalism is exploitation • Rich exploit poor • Government enforces exploitation • Worker’s revolution • Communism phase begins: • End private property; • create collective ownership

  3. Vanguard Peasant revolution The Mass Line Campaigns Revolutionary Struggle 1893-1976 Mao Zedong Thought

  4. Bottom Line • Communist Party is in Power • No Challenges allowed Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping Xi Jinping 1949-1976 1978-1997 2012--

  5. Government Structure • Party Structure • Leadership and Decision Making Report on Chinese Political System (US Congress)

  6. To Study Chinese Government(Under Mao and Still Today) • Dual Structure: Government and Party Xi Jinping Xi Jinping President of China General Secretary of CPC

  7. To Study Chinese Government(Under Mao and Still Today) 2. Factionalism, Personal Rivalries 1980s Factional Struggle Zhao Ziyang Li Peng

  8. To Study Chinese Government(Under Mao and Still Today) 3. Formal vs. Informal

  9. Government Structure Formal Government: Constitution Standing Comm. The Cabinet ; Headed by Premier;State CouncilCenter Controls Ministries, Commissions, Institutions, Working Organs Standing Comm. of NPC National People’s Congress smaller committees Province small committees large committees smaller committees County small committees large committees smaller committees City small committees large committees smaller committees small committees Work Unit large committees

  10. Communist Party Structure Formal CPC Structure: Constitution of CPC General SecretaryPolitburoStanding Comm.(7-9 members) of the CCP ; Party SecretariatPolitburoCentral Military Commission Central Committee Central CommitteePLA DepartmentsNational Party Congress smaller committees Province small committees large committees smaller committees County small committees large committees smaller committees City small committees large committees smaller committees small committees Work Unit large committees

  11. 15th Party Congress 1997Politburo Standing Committee 3rd Generation 1997-2002 • General Secretary Jiang Zemin (President) • Li Peng (Chair NPC) • Zhu Rongji (Premier) • Li Ruihuan • Hu Jintao, • Wei Jianxing • Li Langing Jiang

  12. 4th Generation PSC 2002-2012 16th Party Congress 2002 17th Party Congress 2007 HuJintao Wu Bangguo WenJiabao JiaQinglin Li Changchun Xi Jinping* Li Keqiang* He Guoqiang Zhou Yongkang • General Secretary Hu Jintao (President) • Wu Bangguo (Chair NPC) • Wen Jiabao (Premier) • Jia Qinglin • Zeng Qinghong • Huang Ju • Wu Guanzheng • Li Changchun • Luo Gan

  13. 4th Generation to 5th Generation PSC 4th Generation 17th Party Congress 2007 5th Generation 18th Party Congress 2012 Xi Jinping Li Keqiang Zhang Dejiang Yu Zhengsheng Liu Yunshan Wang Qishan Zhang Gaoli • Hu Jintao • Wu Bangguo • Wen Jiabao • Jia Qinglin • Li Changchun • Xi Jinping* • Li Keqiang* • He Guoqiang • Zhou Yongkang

  14. 5th Generation Leadership18th to 19th Party Congress PSC 18th Party Congress 2012 19th Party Congress 2017 Xi Jinping (President) Li Keqiang (Premier) Li Zhanshu(Xi’s Chief of Staff) Wang Yang (Vice Premier) Wang Huning Zhao Leji Han Zheng • Xi Jinping (President) • Li Keqiang (Premier) • Zhang Dejiang (Chair, NPC) • Yu Zhengsheng • Liu Yunshan • Wang Qishan • Zhang Gaoli(Vice Premier)

  15. Other Aspects of Government and Party • Judiciary (Supreme People’s Court) • Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) • Ministry of State Security • intelligence • Ministry of Public Security • police

  16. Factional Political Debates • Mao Era: The pace of revolution • Reform Era: The pace of reform • Always: Personalities and Loyalties

  17. Factional Political Conflict • Mao Era (1949-1976): Mao Wins Marshal Peng Dehuai Prisoner Peng Dehuai

  18. Factional Political Conflict • Reform Era: • Debate: Intra-Party Democracy, • Decision: Democratic Centralism • Tiananmen Square: Factional Battle 1989 Zhao Ziyang – Out Jiang Zemin - In

  19. Factional Political Conflict • Xi Jinping Era (2012--

  20. Decision Making • Party, Government, Factionalism • How are Decisions Made? Guidance: Leading Small Groups

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