Research and Training Programs at the National Institutes of Health

1. Research and Training Programs at theNational Institutes of Health Richard A. Baird, Ph.D. Director, Division of Interdisciplinary Training National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NSF Minority Faculty Development Workshop July 30-August 2

2. The NIH Mission NIH is the steward of medical and behavioral research for the Nation. Its mission is science in the pursuit offundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability. An agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH is the Federal focal point for health research.

4. Extramural Research IR A Simple View of the NIH Grants Managment Scientific Review Scientific Program

5. FY 2005 NIH Budget $28.59 Billion Research Project Grants 53% $15.3 billion All Other Res. Man. & Support Intramural Research R&D Contracts Training 3% $761 million Other Research 8% $2.0 billion Research Centers

6. NIH Peer Review Process My Application xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Center for Scientific Review PI / Institution submits application Study Section Evaluates Scientific Merit Institute or Center Revision / Resubmission Evaluates Relevance Conduct Research Advisory Council Recommends Action $$$$$$ Institute Director Allocates Funds

7. What Happens to My Grant?(Why Does it Take so Long?) • Receipt all applications initially land at the same loading dock • Referral Assignment to a standing study section Based on specific review or referral guidelines Can take up to 1 month • Initial Review 5-6 months after receipt • Council Review 7-8 months after receipt • Award 10 or more months after receipt

8. Who Do I Call at NIH? • Before Submission Program Staff: scientific interest, scope, initial approval Grants Management Staff: administrative and budget issues • Submission and Review Review Staff: receipt, referral, and review • After Review Program Staff: likelihood of funding • After Award Grants Management Staff: administrative and budget issues Program Staff:research progress

9. Types of NIH Announcements PA = Program Announcement • PAR = PA w/ Special Review • PAS = PA w/ Set Aside Funds RFA= Request for Applications • Special Review • Set Aside Funds

10. NIH Research Funding • Solicited (Targeted) Applications Applications in response to specific Program Announcements (PA) or Requests for Applications (RFA). • Unsolicited (Investigator-initiated) Applications The vast majority of NIH applications are unsolicited (investigator-initiated).

11. Grant Mechanisms R = Research T = Training (Institutional) F = Fellowship (Individual) K = Career Development

12. Research Grant Mechanisms R01 • Basic NIH research grant, extensive preliminary data • Renewable, supports supplements and amendments • Average award = $300k / year for 4-5 years R21 • Exploratory/Developmental grant, little or no preliminary data • Non-renewable, supports supplements and amendments • Average award = $275k / year for 2 years R03 • Small Research Grant, little or no preliminary data • Non-renewable, does not support supplements or amendments • Average award = $50k / year for 2 years Application Receipt Dates:February1, June 1, October 1

13. Training and Fellowship Awards • Training and Fellowship awards provide support to predoctoral students while they work toward their research degrees or to postdoctoral fellows while they obtain additional research experience in a mentor’s laboratory. • T32 – Institutional Training Grants • Application Receipt Dates:Jan 10, May 10, September 10 • F31 – Kirschstein Individual Predoctoral Fellowships • F32 – Kirschstein Individual Postdoctoral Fellowships • F33 – Individual Senior Fellowships • Application Receipt Dates: April 5, August 5, December 5

14. CareerDevelopment Awards • Career Development awards provide mentored support for investigators who have completed their postdoctoral training and are changing fields or need protected time for research during critical periods of their careers. • K01 – Research Scientist Development Award • K08– Clinical Scientist Development Award • K23 – Patient-Oriented Development Award • K24 – Mid-career Patient-oriented Development Award • K25 – Quantitative Scientist Development Award • Application Receipt Dates: February 1, June 1, October 1

15. Training Grants and Fellowships Institutional Training Grants (T32) Predoctoral Fellowships (F31) Senior Fellowships (F33) PostdoctoralFellowships (F32) Independent Investigator College Graduate School Postdoctoral Career Transition Award (K99/R00) Mentored Quantitative Scientist Award (K25) Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) Career Development Awards

16. Clinical Training Grants and Fellowships Institutional Training Grants (T32) Senior Fellowships (F33) PostdoctoralFellowships (F32) Independent Investigator Medical School Internship/Residency Fellowship Midcareer Investigator in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (K08) Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Dev. Award (K23) Career Development Awards

18. How is NIBIB Different from Other NIH Institutes? • Supports design-driven and needs-driven research in addition to hypothesis-driven research. • Promotes discovery, development, and clinical translation of emerging or existing technologies. • Supports technologies with broad application to multiple biological processes, diseases, and organ systems. • Promotes interdisciplinary training and career development at interface between biological and physical sciences.

19. NIBIB Mission Areas • Imaging Agents & Molecular Probes • Image Displays • Image Guided Therapies & Interventions • Image Perception • Image Processing • Magnetic, Biomagnetic & Bioelectric Devices • Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Spectroscopy • Nuclear Medicine • Optical Imaging & Spectroscopy • Ultrasound and Acoustics • X ray, Electron & Ion Beam

20. NIBIB Mission Areas • Biosensors • Biomaterials • Biomechanics • Biomedical Informatics • Computational Biology • Drug & Gene Delivery Systems • Lab-on-a-chip Technologies • Medical Devices & Implant Science • Nanotechnology • Rehabilitation Engineering • Surgical Tools & Techniques • Telemedicine • Tissue Engineering

21. Interdisciplinary Training Biological, clinical, and physical scientists speak different languages. Biologists and clinicians may not know what is technically possible; engineers may not know the biomedical problems. Interdisciplinary mentoring and training is essential to insure successful research collaborations.

22. NIBIB Training Priorities • Feeding the Pipeline • Transitioning to Independence • Developing Clinician-Researchers • Training at the Interface • Increasing Diversity

23. Feeding the Pipeline • NIBIB/NSF Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Summer Institutes (BBSI):attracts undergraduate and graduate quantitative science majors to biomedical careers. • Biomedical Engineering Summer Internship Program (BESIP):provides undergraduate bioengineering students the opportunity to participate in cutting-edge research at NIH laboratories. • NIH/NIST Joint Postdoctoral Program:provides serial postgraduate research experiences in the biological and physical sciences at NIH and NIST.

24. Transitioning to IndependenceResearch Independence is Ocurring at Ever-later Age Average Age of R01/R23/R29 Awardees by Terminal Degree 45 44 44 43 42 42 M.D.-Ph.D. 41 M.D. Average age 40 40 Ph.D. 39 38 38 37 37 36 35 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Fiscal Year

25. Pathway to Independence Program(also known as K99/R00 or K22 Award) -US citizens OR non-citizens at US institutions -First applications (April 7, 2006, Oct 1/Feb 1/June 1) -First awards (Fall, 2007)(NIH ~175 awards/NIBIB ~5 awards) -Five (5) years of total support Phase I - 1-2 yrs mentored postdoctoral support ($90K total cost including 8% F&A) Phase II – 3 yrs independent research support contingent upon securing an independent research position and administrative review ($175K/yr direct with full F&A) -In-house review -Application Receipt Dates:February 1, June 1, October 1

26. NIBIB Outreach and Recruitment • Grantsmanship Workshops Funds new investigators within 5% of the R01 payline. Improves success rate of new investigators. Applies only to unsolicited applications. National Bioimaging and Bioengineering Meetings Professional Bioimaging and Bioengineering Societies NIBIB Regional Grantsmanship Workshops -Fall, 2005 - George Washington University -Spring, 2006 - North Carolina Biotechnology Center -Fall, 2006 - Houston, TX • NIBIB New Investigator Policy

27. Developing Clinician-Researchers • Medical Students Dedicated Medical Student Training Slots • Medical Residents Residency Supplement Program Loan Repayment Program • Clinical Fellows Mentored (K08) and Patient-oriented (K23,K24) Career Development Programs

28. Training at the Interface • Attract Quantitative Scientists to Biomedicine HHMI-NIBIB Interface Partnership K25 Career Development Program BBSI, BESIP, NIBIB-NIST training programs • Interface Basic and Clinical Researchers NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Initiative NIH Roadmap Initiatives NIBIB Institutional Training Programs for Co-mentoring Basic and Clinical Researchers

29. HHMI-NIBIB Interface Initiative • Phase I (November, 2005): 3 years of HHMI funds to establish and develop interdisciplinary training programs at 10 institutions. • Phase II (FY2008-2010): 5 years of NIBIB funds for student support to sustain training programs during their early years. NJIT/Rutgers/ NJMS JHU Brandeis CMU UCSF UChicago UNM UCI UCSD CMU UPenn

30. Increasing Diversity • Predoctoral Fellowships -Minority Students -Students With Disabilities • Diversity Supplements -Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic groups; -Individuals with Disabilities; and -People from Culturally, Economically, Educationally, or Socially Disadvantaged Backgrounds. • Part-time and Full-time Reentry Supplements • -Women (or men) who have interrupted research careers for • child care or to attend to other family responsibilities