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Reasons for Nanotechnology in Lab-on-a-Chip

Reasons for Nanotechnology in Lab-on-a-Chip. Sensitivity:  Can detect as few as 100 individual short-chain DNA molecules via nanopores. Precision:  Better manufacturing precision than microscale photolithography. Miniaturization Benefits:

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Reasons for Nanotechnology in Lab-on-a-Chip

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  1. Reasons for Nanotechnology in Lab-on-a-Chip • Sensitivity: Can detect as few as 100 individual short-chain DNA molecules via nanopores. • Precision: Better manufacturing precision than microscale photolithography. • Miniaturization Benefits: • Processes (reactions, temperature changes, etc.) that take minutes rather than hours. Helpful for PCR, especially. • Smaller fluid volumes required. • Smaller changes detectable (sensitivity).

  2. Applications for Nanotech. in LoaC • Quantum dots (again): phosphorescent nanoparticles can be used in PCR. • Nanogold particles: enhance PCR via electrochemical detection.

  3. Applications for Nanotech. in LoaC • Single-molecule detection: use DNA translocation through nanotubes to "Sense DNAs with single base mismatch selectivity. " • Laser-scattering detection: Use nanoscale physics for concentration measurement of adsorbed DNA • Paul-trapping: magnetically trap single DNA/RNA molecules for sequencing.

  4. Status of Nanotechnology in LoaC • Materials • nanofluidics • microscale: diffusion more important than convection • nanoscale: electrical effects more important than diffusion (e.g., electrophoresis of DNA) • combination with microscale: nano valves for micro vessels. • Status in Medicine • Mostly research-only. • Clinical applications are mainly micro-scale, turnkey DNA sizing and quantification systems.

  5. Problems with Nanotechnology in LoaC • Longer design time per device (c.v. micro-scale photolithography) • Undesirable nano-scale rheology when using micro-scale designs. • Blockage of nanopores • macromolecules • randomly-coiled DNA (~700 nm)

  6. Bibliography • Rosengarten, Gary. To study recent lab-on-a-chip developments and start-up company strategies. University of Melbourne, 2002. • Wanichapichart, Pikul, Chittrakam, Thawat, Sujaritturakam, Witoon, and Coster, Hans GL. Production of Nuclear-Track Etched Membranes. ScienceAsia, 26 (June 2000), 175-179. • International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory. Development of DNA trap paves way for personalized medicine. NanoBugle (May 2011). • Ming-Hung Lee, Thomas, Carles, Maria C., and Hsing, I-Ming. Microfabricated PCR-electrochemical device for simultaneous DNA amplification and detection. Lab on a Chip, 3 (March 2003), 100-105. • Dutta, Prashanta and Morse, Juli. A Review of Nanofluidic Patents. Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 2 (May 2008), 105-159. • Wang, Jing, Chen, Zongyuan, Corstjens, Paul L.A.M., Mauk, Michael G., and Bau, Haim H. A disposable microfluidic cassette for DNA amplification and detection. Lab on a Chip, 6 (November 2005), 46-53. • Fan, Rong, Karnik, Rohit, Yue, Min, Li, Deyu, Majumdar, Arun, and Yang, Peidong. DNA Translocation in Inorganic Nanotubes. Nano Letters, 5, 9 (September 2005), 1633-1637. • Ding, Shu, Gao, Changlu, and Gu, Li-Qun. Capturing Single Molecules of Immunoglobulin and Ricin with an Aptamer-Encoded Glass Nanopore. Analytical Chemistry, 81, 16 (July 2009), 6649-6655.

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