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The Evolution of Music: From Animal Calls to Ancient Instruments

Explore the fascinating journey of music from its origins in the mating calls of birds and animals, as discussed by Prof. Lydia Ayers. Discover the early instruments crafted from bone, wood, and metal, including China's ancient 7700-9000-year-old flutes. Learn about various classifications of instruments such as membranophones, idiophones, chordophones, and aerophones, and delve into global musical traditions, including Native American drums, Korean farmer's band music, and the intricate rhythms of African talking drums.

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The Evolution of Music: From Animal Calls to Ancient Instruments

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  1. Exploring Music Introduction 2 by Prof. Lydia Ayers

  2. Music evolved from mating calls of birds and animals. <1:6> Bird calls and gibbon songs Origin of MusicLinked with Sex Naturalist Charles Darwin http://www.enature.com/guides/birding_identify.asp • <1:7> Doves in Bali – "reeds and gongs around their necks …"

  3. Early Instruments • The rhythm slowly came from the body and took up residence in: bone wood metal and skin stone

  4. Early Instruments • 7700-9000 year-old red crane bone flutes from burials at Jiahu, Henan Province, China • Scientists believe the flute, second from bottom, is the world's oldest still-playable musical instrument. • [i:3] Example using ancient Chinese folk song Xiao Bai Cai (Little Cabbage) http://www.pubaf.bnl.gov/pr/bnlpr092299.html

  5. Classification of Instruments

  6. Types of Instruments • Membranophones • Idiophones • Chordophones • Aerophones • Electronic

  7. Membranophones • Drums • A membrane covers one or more openings in a hollow body. • Striking causes the membrane to vibrate • <8:01> Nez Perce, “War Dance” (Native American) Native American drums http://www.southweststore.com/pgs/drum.html http://sioux.org/traditional_dancer.htm

  8. <4:05> Pangut (Korea) • Farmer's Band Music, performed at Korean Folk Village • Drums • Puk (barrel drum) • Changgo (hour-glass drum) • Sogo (small frame drum) • Gongs • Kkwaenggwari (small gong) Changgo – hour-glass drum

  9. Taiko (Japan) • Drums • <4:07>Za-kyo composed and performed by: Furyu-dagaku Matsuri Shu on Kyoyu http://www.taiko-center.co.jp/enshiwa.html

  10. African Drums djembe bendir frame drum

  11. <7:3> Talking Drums • African languages have high and low sounds • drum language uses high and low tones to represent the words talking drum

  12. Ustad Alla Rakha Tabla (India) • <3:01> Ustad Alla Rakha plays basic tabla sounds in Ravi Shankar in Concert • <3:03> [ii:29] Zakir Hussain and Ustad Alla Rakha, Tabla Duet, with Ustad Sultan Khan, Sarangi left right Zakir Hussain & Ustad Alla Rakha

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