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PEACE. Learning Targets. Describe Wilson’s ideas for peace. Analyze Wilson’s peace plan through an assigned nation’s position and argue that position. Review the resulting Treaty of Versailles and critique it: Was the treaty fair?
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Learning Targets • Describe Wilson’s ideas for peace. • Analyze Wilson’s peace plan through an assigned nation’s position and argue that position. • Review the resulting Treaty of Versailles and critique it: Was the treaty fair? 4. Create a political cartoon which showcases a failure of the Treaty of Versailles.
Terms for Peace Armistice: truce which ended the war on Nov. 11, 1918 Fourteen Points: President Wilson’s ideas for a lenient or fair peace Self-determination: right of people to decide their own political status Reparations: payments for damages and expenses of war ($33 billion)
Peace Terms based on Wilson’s 14 Points • No secret treaties • National self-determination • All nations cut arms and weapons • Each country pays for their own damages • “Peace without victory” • League of Nations formed
VERSAILLES SIMULATION GROUP PROCESS • Read each provision. • Decide whether your nation would agree or disagree. • Explain why your nation agreed or disagreed. • Once completed, pick a group member to share your nations viewpoint for each and another to respond to other nations (i.e. agree or disagree with ____ because)
Peace Terms based on Wilson’s 14 Points • No secret treaties • National self-determination • All nations cut arms and weapons • Each country pays for their own damages • “Peace without victory” • League of Nations formed
Treaty of Versailles (what really happened) • Germany takes full blame (“War guilt”) • Germany pays huge reparations to Allies ($33 Billion costs - $10.4 billion - $50 million for 66 years; U.S. takes none!) • Germany must disarm (navy – 6 ships Army- 100,000 men, no draft) • Some new nations created (self-determination) (out of Central Powers and Russia) • League of Nations created
Europe before WWI Europe after WWI
Reflection Predict: What do you think will be the EFFECTS of the Treaty of Versailles? Consider: • United States’ response • Reaction of Germany • Rebuilding of Europe
The Failure of Treaty of Versailles • “War-guilt” clause • Germans held responsible for war • Hitler able to rise to power with promises to restore Germany to greatness
Economic disaster for Germany • Result of paying huge reparations • Lost great deal of land • c. Hitler promises to fix it German woman feeds cash into stove instead of using it
Russia unhappy with Treaty • a. Not invited to peace conference • b. Lost land and wanted it back The “Big Four”—leaders of England, Italy, France and U.S. decide Treaty
League of Nations • U.S. never joined; Russia and Germany not allowed in • Members did not enforce resolutions • Did not have power to stop German aggression during 1930s
