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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Protozoa (unicellular protists). Phylum Sarcodina Phylum Ciliophora Phylum Zoomastigina Phylum Sporoza. Algae and Fungus. Phylum Chlorophyta Phylum Phaeophyta Phylum Rhodophyta Phylum Dinoflagellata Phylum Chrysophyta Phylum Euglenophyta.

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista USD 232

  2. Protozoa (unicellular protists) • Phylum Sarcodina • Phylum Ciliophora • Phylum Zoomastigina • Phylum Sporoza USD 232

  3. Algae and Fungus • Phylum Chlorophyta • Phylum Phaeophyta • Phylum Rhodophyta • Phylum Dinoflagellata • Phylum Chrysophyta • Phylum Euglenophyta USD 232

  4. Protozoa General Characteristics • Single celled • They can move • Most are heterotrophic (free living, some are parasitic) • Found everywhere there is water • Are the first link in aquatic food chains (zooplankton) USD 232

  5. ProtozoaGeneral Characteristics (cont.) • Some have eyespots for detecting chemicals and light • Probably evolved from prokaryotic cells 3.5 to 5 billion years ago through endosymbiosis USD 232

  6. Protozoa Reproduction • Multiple fission-more than one are produced from a binary split • Conjugation-sexual • Binary fission-asexual USD 232

  7. Phylum Sarcodina Movement-Cytoplasmic streaming using amoeboid movement Structures-Contractile vacuole, pseudopodia USD 232

  8. Sarcodina Characteristics • Environmental role-Some have shells called “Tests,” which are made of calcium carbonate. This chalky compound colors the Cliffs of Dover in England and produced the stones that built the pyramids. • Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery. Lives in contaminated food/water. Explosive diarrhea and vomiting. USD 232

  9. Phylum Ciliophora Movement-Cilia Structures-Pellicle, oral groove, mouth pore, gullet, anal pore, macrocnucleus, micronucleus Reproduction-Use conjugation USD 232

  10. Phylum Zoomastigina • Movement-One or more flagella • Diseases • Trypanosoma-live in insects, cause African Sleeping sickness (Tsetse) • Leishmania donovani-caused by sandflies, a disease of the blood that causes lesions and sores, can be fatal

  11. Zoomastigina Characteristics • Diseases • Trypanosoma-live in insects, cause African Sleeping sickness (Tsetse) • Leishmania donovani-caused by sandflies, a disease of the blood that causes lesions and sores, can be fatal • Giardia lamblia-Carried by animals (beaver’s) causes explosive diarrhea and abdominal cramping

  12. Phylum Sporozoa • Movement-adults carried by blood stream, usually parasitic

  13. Sporozoa Characteristics • Diseases • Toxoplasmosis-Protozoan lives in birds, rodents, and cats. Is not harmful to adults but can be dangerous to developing fetus. • Plasmodium-Carried by anopheles mosquito. Causes Malaria-victims die from anemia, kidney failure, or brain damage; has killed more people than any other Genus, 2.7 million die annually. • Summary of life cycle

  14. Algae and Fungus Cereval Characteristics • Like Protists. Most unicellular, some multicellular. • Range from microscopic to the huge • Photosynthetic-contains chloroplasts • No roots, stems, leaves • Form Gametangia from gametes • Contain pyrenoids that synthesize starch • Body called a thallus

  15. Algae and Fungus Cereval Characteristics (cont.) • There are four types of Algae: • Unicellular-photoplankton (photosynthetis single celled organism that makes up the foundation of the food chain. • Colonial-volvox:group of cells acting as one • Filamentous-spirogyra:made of cellular sections • Multicellular-Ulva (see lettuce)

  16. Algae and FungusReproduction • Algae reproduce sexually and asexually • Must be familiar with the following key vocabulary Meiosis Mitosis Zoospore Zygote Gamete Haploid Diploid Gametophyte Sporophyte Oogonium Antheridium

  17. Oedogonium (sexual)

  18. Oedogonium Reproduction

  19. Chlamydomas (sexual and asexual)

  20. ChlamydomasReproduction

  21. Ulva(Alternation of generations)

  22. Spirogyra (conjugation)

  23. Phylum Chlorophyta(green algae) • Colonial/multicellular • Most aquatic • Form symbiotic partnership with bacteria/fungus called lechen • Bottom of food chain

  24. Phylum Phaeophyta(brown algae) • Seaweed and kelp • Cool oceans • Large and multicellular

  25. Phylum Rhodophyta(red algae) • Fresh/salt water • Deep water algae • Used to make carageenan which cosmetics, gelatin, cheese, agar

  26. Phylum Bacillariophyta • Fresh/salt water • Major component of phytoplankton which is the bottom of marine food chain. • Used to make toothpaste, detergents, paint remover, fertilizer, insulators

  27. Phylum Dinoflagellata • Most are photosynthetic and unicellular • Produce Bioluminescence • Cause red tide

  28. Phylum Chrysophyta(golden algae) • Have cysts that can remain frozen • Important in the production of petroleum deposit • Two flagella

  29. Phylum Euglenophyta • Photosynthetic but can be heterotrophic if necessary • Lives in the guts of many animals (symbiosis) • General Anatomy

  30. Fungus-like Protists • Eat like amoebas but reproduce like fungi • Structure resembles protists • Two major phyta acrasiomyta and myxomycota • Two major phyla of water molds are oomycote and chytrimycote

  31. Acrasiomyta • They can swim or move by amoebic movement • If food is scarce they will combine with other single celled members and work as a team (pseudoplasmodium)

  32. Myxomycota • Eats detritis (dead leaves and organic material) • Produces multicolored visible reproductive structures

  33. Oomycota • Eats dead fish in aquarium • Caused potato blight in Ireland and is a pathogen for many plants

  34. Chytridiomycota • Protist that is heterotrophic on other protists

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