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Commas that set off Parenthetical Expressions

Commas that set off Parenthetical Expressions. Remember to keep these notes in the Grammar Section of your notebook. Parenthetical Expressions. This rule is simply a collection of four small rules. All of them are extra items added to the sentence.

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Commas that set off Parenthetical Expressions

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  1. Commas that set off Parenthetical Expressions Remember to keep these notes in the Grammar Section of your notebook.

  2. Parenthetical Expressions • This rule is simply a collection of four small rules. • All of them are extra items added to the sentence. • Put commas on both sides to set it off from the rest of the sentence.

  3. Parenthetical Expressions • Names of People Being Addressed • Don’t walk your dog here, Larry. • Why would you do that, Larry, after your accident? • Larry, don’t forget the cheese. • Make sure that the name is just something to grab the listener’s attention. You must be talking to someone directly. • Never put commas around a name if it is an important part of the sentence like the Subject or Indirect Object.

  4. Flava’ Flav’ sez: • Notice that we put commas around words added “Fo’ Flava’” Flava’ Flav’, singer for Public Enemy

  5. Parenthetical Expressions • Transitional Adverbs: therefore, however, nevertheless, furthermore. • Hint: any time you see these four words, put commas around them. • Nevertheless, the movie made money. • The actors, therefore, became famous. • The cats, however, escaped through the open door.

  6. Parenthetical Expressions • Contrasting Expressions: “This, not that” • Mighty Mouse, not Mickey Mouse, is a super hero. • I want this shirt, not that one. • Brooklyn, not LA, is the original home of the Dodgers.

  7. Parenthetical Expressions • Common Expressions: “I think”, “I believe”, “of course” • Only put commas around these words if it is a little extra information that is added to the sentence. • The “I” can never be the subject and the “think/believe” can never be the verb since those are important parts of the sentence. • If “I think, I believe, of course” come at the beginning of the sentence, do not put a comma. • The Lakers, I think, will win. • I think the Spurs will lose. (no comma)

  8. Grammatical Explanation • “Pickles are delicious, I think.” • “I think pickles are delicious.” (grammatically incorrect) • “I think that pickles are delicious.”

  9. Practice • The mayor I believe will make it an official holiday. • Mr. Nare may I ask you a question? • Therefore you should never mix vinegar and baking soda. • Make our reservations for six not seven.

  10. Answers • The mayor, I believe, will make it an official holiday. • Mr. Nare, may I ask you a question? • Therefore, you should never mix vinegar and baking soda. • Make our reservations for six, not seven.

  11. List of Rules • Intro (intro material comes first) • Adjectives (comma between 2 adj.) • Series (3 things in a list) • Parenthetical (4 small rules) • Compound (S,V,Conj,S,V)

  12. Where does the comma go, and what rule is being applied? • I would go swimming but I just ate. • She would not go in the cold deep water. • The dog nevertheless will jump in the water. • Without a swimsuit I can’t go swimming. • Whenever I swim I always get sunburned. • He would always rather be in the mountains not the sea shore.

  13. Answers • I would go swimming, but I just ate. (compound) • She would not go in the cold, deep water. (adj of equal rank) • The dog, nevertheless, will jump in the water. (parenthetical) • Without a swimsuit I can’t go swimming. (Intro material – short prep phrase) • Whenever I swim, I always get sunburned. (Intro material, intro clause) • He would always rather be in the mountains, not the sea shore. (parenthetical)

  14. Where does the comma go, and what rule is being applied? • Help I need somebody. • The White Album Abbey Road and Sgt. Pepper’s are my favorite Beatles albums. • I saw Paul McCartney play and he put on a great show. • My friend wanted to come but lost her ticket. • While I was standing in the crowd at the concert I called her.

  15. Answer • Help, I need somebody. (Intro word) • The White Album, Abbey Road, and Sgt. Pepper’s are my favorite Beatles albums. (items in a series) • I saw Paul McCartney play, and he put on a great show. (compound) • My friend wanted to come but lost her ticket. (almost a compound but missing 2nd subject) • While I was standing in the crowd at the concert, I called her. (intro clause)

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