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Understanding Solutions in Chemistry

Learn about homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, solutes and solvents, and factors affecting solution rates. Explore different types of solutions based on solvents and concentration. Discover how to calculate concentration in various solution types.

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Understanding Solutions in Chemistry

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  1. Chem in Context Lecture: Solutions; December 5, 2006; Pg1 I. What is a solution? A. A solution is a mixtureof two or more substances and can be heterogeneous or homogeneous 1) mixture – substances are NOT chemically bound (no interaction between electrons) 2) homogeneous -- the particles in the mixture are indistinguishable from one another to the naked eye (i.e. salt dissolved in sea water) 3) heterogeneous -- the particles in the mixture are distinguishable to the naked eye (i.e. fish in the ocean)

  2. Chem in Context Lecture: Solutions; December 5, 2006; Pg2 B. A solution consists of two parts. 1) solute – what is being dissolved (i.e. for sweet tea: sugar) 2) solvent – what you are dissolving the solute in (i.e. for sweet tea: tea) II. What can affect the rate of the solution reaction? (aka catalysts) A. Surface Area – the smaller the solute particles are made, the more readily they will dissolve in the solvent B. Heat – adding heat adds energy to speed up the solution-making C. Stirring – physically stirring adds energy and facilitates blending of solute with solvent

  3. Chem in Context Lecture: Solutions; December 5, 2006; Pg3 III. What are the types of solutions? A. Based on TYPE of solute and solvent 1) aqueous – water is the solvent 2) tincture – alcohol is the solvent 3) alloy – solid in another solid B. Based on CONCENTRATION of solution How is concentration calculated? Concentration = mass of solute (g) ÷ volume of solvent (mL) 1) saturated – the solvent holds the max- imum quantity of solute that it can 2) unsaturated – the solvent could hold more of the solute

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