Vagan Terziyan Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla

1. Spring 2010 ITKS544:Semantic Web and Ontology Engineeringformer names:TIES429 , TLI364 – Semantic Web and Web ServicesTLI372 – Intelligent Information Integration in Mobile EnvironmentCourse Introduction Vagan Terziyan Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla vagan@cc.jyu.fi, URL:http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan +358 14 260-4618

2. Package of courses Java programming (desirable), AI basics 9 10 Spring Fall Design of distributed, self-descriptive, autonomous, proactive, self-managed, interoperable, intelligent systems, Web-applications and services

3. Fall-2009 TIES-433 – Design of Agent-Based Systems Spring-2010 ITKS-544 – Semantic Web and Ontology Engineering Vagan Terziyan, Michal Nagy Department of Mathematical Information Technology University of Jyvaskyla vagan.terziyan@jyu.fi http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan +358 14 260-4618

4. Contents • Course introduction • Course description • Lectures • Course exercises • References

5. Course Introduction:Semantic Web - new Possibilities for Intelligent Web Applications

6. Three alternative trends of Web development Applications, services, agents Machines, devices, computers Human Communities Facilitates Machine-to-Machine interaction Facilitates Software-to-Software interaction Facilitates Human-to-Human interaction Semantic Web Web of Things Metadata Ubiquitous Computing Web 2.0 Smart Spaces Ontologies Wikis RFID Web Services Blogs Embedded Systems Agents Mashups Sensor Networks EAI Portals Community Portals Web

7. Internet of Things (we knew much earlier)

8. F X Y New integral trend of Web development Web of intelligent entities (intelligence services), browseable, searchable, composable, configurable, reusable, dynamic, mobile … Facilitates Intelligence-to-Intelligence interaction Distributed AI MAS Data and Web Mining If by “intelligence” we mean also more general various formal (mathematical) models then we are talking about such version of future Web, which can be called “Web of Abstractions” [MIT] Machine Learning Knowledge Discovery "Smart Services" Web

9. “Semantic Wave” (Web X.0) We may add here: Web 5.0 will come finally and it is about connecting models in a “Global Understanding Environment” (GUN), which will be such proactive, self-managed evolutionary Semantic Web of Things, People and Abstractions where all kinds of entities can understand, interact, serve, develop and learn from each other. [Vagan Terziyan] “The semantic wave embraces four stages of internet growth: Web 1.0, was about connecting information ... Web 2.0 is about connecting people. Web 3.0, is starting now… and it is about … connecting knowledge… Web 4.0 will come later … and it is about connecting intelligences in a ubiquitous web where both people and things can reason and communicate together.” [“Semantic Wave 2008” , Mills Davis ]

10. Beyond Web 5.0 ? Human v2.0 ?! [Ray Kurzweil] 2029 Singularity Semantic Wave Nanotech http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BywCMkbG-Jg

11. Motivation for Semantic Web

12. Semantic Web Content: New “Users” applications agents

13. Some Professions around Semantic Web AI Professionals Content creators Content Logic, Proof and Trust Mobile Computing Professionals Web designers Ontologies Agents Annotations Ontology engineers Software engineers

14. Semantic Web: Resource Integration Semantic annotation Shared ontology Web resources / services / DBs / etc.

15. ψ-Projection of the Future ICT Research • psi-Projection: • Proactivity (agent technologies, Distributed AI, MAS, …) • Semantics (Semantic Web, ontologies, reasoning, trust, …) • Intelligence (machine learning, data mining, knowledge discovery, pattern recognition, NLP, …)

16. Semantic Web vs. Web 2.0 (Ora Lassila)

17. Web 2.0 vs. Semantic Web Machines, devices, software, etc Human Communities Web 2.0 Semantic Web Why and how to integrate ?

18. Web 2.0 to Semantic Web Machines, devices, software, etc Human Communities Web 2.0 Semantic Web Collaborative Metadata Creation

19. Semantic Web to Web 2.0 Machines, devices, software, etc Human Communities Semantic Web Web 2.0 Semantic Wiki

20. Sample of Wiki Web page Collaborative editing window

21. Wikipedia

22. Semantic MediaWiki

23. Web 2.0: Mashups • Mashup is a term that's become popular to describe Web 2.0-ish sites that combine the features or functions of one website with another. Website mashups, created by clever programmers typically feature a high level of interactivity, user input, social networking, and sometimes even encourage people to use them as the basis for derivative works. The most common mashups involve maps, but there are also video mashups, photo mashups, search and shopping mashups, and news mashups. Website developers can use data feeds and application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by established sites such as Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Amazon, Ebay and others, which are created specifically to encourage mashups.

24. Web 2.0: Blogs • A blog (web log) is a website where entries are written in chronological order and commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketchblog, videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog), audio (podcasting) and are part of a wider network of social media. Micro-blogging is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts. As of September 2007, blog search engine Technorati was tracking more than 106 million blogs.

25. Semantic Mash-Ups NASA about SMash-Up TopQuadrant “In the idea of a semantic mash-up, the mash-up program is a model-driven architecture. This puts the structure of the mash-up under model control, rather than program control. It is still necessary to translate each information source into a semantic structure (i.e., RDF), but once that has been done, the structure of the mash-up is specified by a model, rather than by program code” [TopQuadrant Inc, June 2007]. http://jazoon.com/jazoon07/en/conference/presentationdetails.html?type=sid&detail=870

26. Semantics in Social Computing (Mills Davis) Semantic instant messaging— Use semantic technology for online messages, chat, and conference to understand conversations; keep track of people, topics & history; search by concept; act on messages. Semantic email — Use semantic technology to understand messages. Models & tags people, profiles, threads, contents, and addresses; Searches semantically. Links messages to other information. Performs actions according to a semantic model. Semantic blog— Enhance web journal with machine interpretable annotations and models & personal ontologies to harvest, link, and search information of interest by concepts and relationships. Semantic desktop and webtop— Use natural language understanding, ontologies, data space concepts, and semantic processing to manage every piece of information a person encounters. Semantic bookmarking & tag clouds— Associate links to web resources with concepts represented in an external ontology. Use semantic auto-tagging to Map folksonomy + semantic relationships between tags, users, and site resources. Semantic social networks — Web of people, content, sites, and profiles that machines help build, interrelate, communicate with, and enjoy. Semantic Collaboration —Collaboration tools enable groups to read, write, edit, and present information, coordinate their activities, share information and manage knowledge together. Semantic collaboration adds a layer of knowledge representation and meanings that enrich the collaborative experience and utility of its results. Semantic wikis— Read-write web site that includes an underlying model of the knowledge described in its pages. Features include concept- rather than language-based searching; richly structured content navigation (multiple views, perspectives, levels of abstraction); context-specific visualization and presentation; mining of relationships; linking with external repositories, feeds, and systems.

27. Semantic Web: which resources to annotate ? This is just a small part of Semantic Web concern !!! Technological and business processes External world resources Web resources / services / DBs / etc. Semantic annotation Shared ontology Multimedia resources Web users (profiles, preferences) Web agents / applications / software components Smart machines, devices, homes, etc. Web access devices and communication networks

28. GUN Concept GUN – Global Understanding eNvironment GUN = Global Environment + Global Understanding = Proactive Self-ManagedSemantic Web of Things = (we believe) = “Killer Application” for Semantic Web Technology

29. Human-to-Human Human-to-Machine Agent-to-Agent Machine-to-Human Machine-to-Machine GUN and Ubiquitous Society GUN can be considered as a kind of Ubiquitous Eco-System for Ubiquitous Society – the world in which people and other intelligent entities (ubiquitous devices, agents, etc) “live” together and have equal opportunities (specified by policies) in mutual understanding, mutual service provisioning and mutual usability.

30. Positive feedback from top US expert (Semantic Wave father) • From: Mills Davis <project10x@gmail.com>To: Vagan Terziyan <vagan@cc.jyu.fi>Subject: Design of Agent-Based Systems Date: Sat, 15 Nov 2008 12:50:06 -0500 • “Vagan,Just came across your course presentation on design of agent-based  systems. I very much enjoyed your presentation of GUN concepts.” • Mills Davis Mills Davis is Founder and Managing Director of Project10X — a research consultancy specializing in next wave semantic technologies, solutions, and business models. The firm’s clients include technology manufacturers, global 2000 corporations, government agencies, and next-generation web start-ups. Mills serves as principal investigator for the Semantic Wave 2008 research program. A noted consultant and industry analyst, he has authored more than 100 reports, white papers, articles, and industry studies. Mills is active in both government and industry-wide technology initiatives that are advancing semantic technologies. He co-chairs SemanticCommunity.net, which carries on the mission the Federal Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) in supporting Communities of Interest in both government and private industry. Mills is a founding member of the AIIM interoperable enterprise content management (iECM) working group, and a founding member of the National Center for Ontology Research (NCOR). Also, he serves on the advisory board of several new ventures in the semantic space. “Over the next decade, the semantic wave will spawn multi-billion dollar technology markets that will drive trillion dollar global economic expansions to transform industries as well as our experience of the internet.” [Mills Davis]

31. Web 3.0 From: http://www.javajazzup.com/issue3/JavaJazzUp.pdf

32. Web 3.0 components From: http://www.javajazzup.com/issue3/JavaJazzUp.pdf

33. Candidate Web 3.0 technologies From: http://www.javajazzup.com/issue3/JavaJazzUp.pdf

34. Word-Wide Correlated Activities Semantic Web Agentcities is a global, collaborative effort to construct an open network of on-line systems hosting diverse agent based services. Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation Agentcities Grid Computing Wide-area distributed computing, or "grid” technologies, provide the foundation to a number of large-scale efforts utilizing the global Internet to build distributed computing and communications infrastructures. FIPA FIPA is a non-profit organisation aimed at producing standards for the interoperation of heterogeneous software agents. Web Services WWW is more and more used for application to application communication. The programmatic interfaces made available are referred to as Web services. The goal of the Web Services Activity is to develop a set of technologies in order to bring Web services to their full potential

35. Semantic Technology Semantic technologies are digital tools that represent meanings and knowledge (e.g., knowledge of something, knowledge about something, and knowledge how to do something, etc.) separately from content or behavior artifacts such as documents, data files, and program code. This knowledge is encoded in a digital form that both people and machines can access and interpret. Semantic technology as a software technology allows the meaning of information to be known and processed at execution time. For a semantic technology there must be a knowledge model of some part of the world that is used by one or more applications at execution time.

36. Impact of Semantic Technology

37. ObjectModel Programming ProgramCode analysis Requirements modeling translation AnalysisModel DesignModel translation ProgramCode Requirements Rules & KnowledgeBase modeling translation KnowledgeModel Domain Knowledge DesignModel Integration Rules & KnowledgeBase Semantic Application Contrasting Semantic and Other Technologies:Models and their Role Traditional OO Model-Driven Architecture Knowledge/Rules Engineering Semantic Engineering

38. Distributed Intelligence – a new wave of innovation

39. Semantic Technology Market Forecasting Semantic solution, services & software markets will grow rapidly, topping $60B by 2010.

40. “Ontology capabilities will become a core technology. […] By 2005, lightweight ontologies (taxonomies) will be part of 75 percent of application integration projects (0.7 probability).” “By 2010, ontologies using strong knowledge representations will be the basis for 80 percent of application integration projects (0.8 probability).” From, Gartner, “Semantic Web Technologies Take Middleware to the Next Level”, 8/2/02 Analysts and Media Coverage " Products with evolutionary vocabularies (ontologies) will win out.[...] Ontology-aware software agents will succeed -- others will age rapidly. Vendors and users that don’t make their systems evolutionary will fall behind and lose out." From, Forrester Research, "How Things Will Communicate", 12/2001 “[...] Semantics-based integration tools are destined to become increasingly powerful and capable, combined with web services applications, the technology could doom middleware as it is currently known.” From, CIO Magazine, August 2002.

41. What’s the big deal? • In U.S. Web Services Market Analysis, 2002 IDC predicts that Web services will become the dominant distributed computing architecture in the next 10 years. Web services will drive software, services and hardware sales of $21 billion in the U.S. by 2007 and will reach $27 billion in 2010. • “Semantic Web Services promise easy access to remote content and application functionality, independently of the provider's platform, the location, the service implementation, or the data format.” Kuassi Mensah, Oracle

42. Semantic Web Services: Promised Challenge • “When Semantic Web becomes widespread, the ability to deploy, discover and use online processing resources and devices, in a significantly automated fashion, will likely be viewed as a major transformation of the Web. • Work on Semantic Web Services is complementary with commercial work on Web Services, and provides greater expressiveness in describing services in a way that software agents can reason about, in support of more powerful and more fully automated approaches to Web service tasks such as service discovery, selection, invocation, execution, composition, monitoring, and recovery” David Martin, AI Center, SRI International

43. Samples of Relevant EU projects • OntoWeb • EU Network of Excellence (http://www.ontoweb.org) • network with more than 100 academic and industrial participants, which creates a technical roadmap of the next generation Web and provides guidelines to industrial and commercial applications; • SWWS • “Semantic Web and Web Services”, EU 5th Framework project • http://swws.semanticweb.org • researching for scalable mediation between different and heterogeneous services based on semantic-driven descriptions and business logic; • SWAP • “Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer”, EU 5th Framework project • http://swap.semanticweb.org • provides a comprehensive study of the potential of Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer for knowledge management and plan to provide an appropriate integrated software environment; • ASG • “Adaptive Services Grid”, EU 6th Framework project • http://asg-platform.org

44. Samples of Conferences • 2004 • SiCOP – Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice • Delphi Group On-Demand Enterprises (2004) • COFES-2004: Conference on Future of Engineering Software • SD-Forum 2004 on the West Coast • Enterprise Architecture 2004 • DAMA Conference (2004) • Software Development West 2004 • KM World and Intranet 2004 • 2nd Annual Semantic Technology for eGovernment –Sep 8th and 9th • 2005 (main event) • Semantic Technology Conference 2005, March 7-10, 2005, Stanford Court Hotel, Nob Hill, San Francisco, CA • The first conference focused on the application of Semantic Technologies to Enterprise Systems and the Web Main promise to software developers: The introduction of Semantic Technology to the development process will profoundly change the way software is modeled and built

45. Excellent Job Opportunities:Samples of Mail-List with Job Advertisements OntoWeb (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!) ontoweb-list@lists.deri.org To register follow the link: http://lists.deri.org/mailman Semantic Web (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!) seweb-list@lists.deri.org To register follow the link: http://lists.deri.org/mailman

46. Course Description

47. Practical Information Credits: 5-10 ECTS Lectures: 24 hours • 8 lectures by Vagan Terziyan – theory; • 4 lectures by Michal Nagy – theory and practice; Mondays:25 January - 1 March, 14:15-16:00, aud. Ag C231; Wednesdays:27 January - 3 March, 10:15-12:00, aud. Ag C231  Slides available online (links from Introductory Lecture) Exercises: min1 exercise on basic course (5 ECTS) + max +1 group exercise (+ 1-5 ECTS)  Will be announced during the lectures Grade: based on exercise(s)  no exam Michal Nagy Vagan Terziyan http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SWWS_Introduction.ppt

48. Lectures Schedule 25/01/2010 – Lecture 1: Semantic Web and Ontology Engineering Introduction 27/01/2010 – Lecture 2: Metamodels for Managing Knowledge 01/02/2010 – Lecture 3: Semantic Web Basics 03/02/2010 – Lecture 4: Semantic Web Applications 08/02/2010 – Lecture 5: RDF and RDF Schema 10/02/2010 – Lecture 6: Ontologies in Semantic Web 15/02/2010 – Lecture 7: Protege Tutorial I (Designing Ontologies with Protege) 17/02/2010 – Lecture 8: Protege Tutorial II (Designing Rules in Protege) 22/02/2010 – Lecture 9: Why Semantic Web Services? 24/02/2010 – Lecture 10: Semantics in Agent-Based Systems (UBIWARE) 01/03/2010 – Lecture 11: Semantic Web Tools 03/03/2010 – Lecture 12: S-APL and Design of Semantic Applications Monday lectures: 14:15 – 15:55; Break: 15:00 – 15:10; Place: Agora C 231 Wednesday lectures: 10:15 – 11:55; Break: 11:00 – 11:10; Place: Agora C 231

49. Lectures

50. Lecture 1: This Lecture - SWWS Introduction 10 http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SWWS_Introduction.ppt