Deploying, Virtualizing, and Managing Linux and UNIX with Hyper-V

1. SESSION CODE: WSV305 Deploying, Virtualizing, and Managing Linux and UNIX with Hyper-V Brett Shoemaker Senior Product Manager Microsoft Corporation John Kelbley Sr. Technical Product Mgr. Microsoft Corporation

2. Session Objectives And Takeaways • Session Objective(s): • Understand How Hyper-V Works with Linux • Learn How to Install Integration Services for Linux Guests on Hyper-V • Hear Strategies to Pair Hyper-V with Linux

3. Agenda • Introductions • Overview – What is an Integration Service? • Installing Integration Services • Linux on Hyper-V: What To Expect • Tips, Tricks, Benefits • Q and A

4. Introductions • John Kelbleyjohnkel@Microsoft.com • Senior Technical Product Manager, Windows Server Platform Strategy • Field-based - focused on customer / partner engagement for Windows Server and Open Source • 20+ years experience focused on IT infrastructure • Co-author of Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V: Insider’s Guide to Microsoft’s Hypervisor • Blogshttp://blogs.technet.com/enterprise_admin/http://blogs.technet.com/windowsserverexperts

5. Introductions • Brett Shoemaker brettsho@microsoft.com • Senior Product Manager, Infrastructure Marketing • Product Management for the Linux Integration Services for Hyper-V • Drive Microsoft’s interoperability efforts with Linux within the virtualization and management space

6. Virtualization in Today's Economy “Customers came out of the economic downturn with a ‘virtualize first’ mentality.” • New server shipments virtualized in Q4 2009 exceeded 350,000 units. • 18.2% of new servers shipped in Q4 2009 were virtualized. “…we have seen widespread adoption of virtualization in both mature and emerging regions.” –Michelle Bailey, IDC Source: IDC Press Release. IDC (28 Apr 2010).

7. The Announcement • July 2009: Microsoft contributes driver code to Linux kernel • Submitted under GPLv2 • Since, 200+ patches received from Linux community • December 2009: Linux ISs included in the version 2.6.32 of kernel • March 2010: Linux Integration Services v2.1 Beta Available

8. Why would Microsoft enable Linux on Hyper-V? • Heterogeneity is a reality • Customers deploy in mixed environments • Customers require interoperable solutions • Microsoft already actively works with Linux / OSS communities • CodePlex Foundation (13,000+ projects) • Contributions to and support of Apache Software Foundation, PHP, and Linux • 350,000+ Open Source Apps run on Windows

9. Agenda • Introductions • Overview – What is an Integration Service? • Installing Integration Services • Linux on Hyper-V: What To Expect • Tips, Tricks, Benefits • Q and A

10. Hyper-V Architecture VM Worker Processes Child Partitions Parent Partition Applications Applications Applications Applications User Mode WMI Provider VM Service Windows Server 2008 R2 OS without Synthetic Drivers Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2008 R2 Windows Kernel VSP Windows Kernel VSC IHV Drivers Linux Kernel Kernel Mode Linux VSC VMBus Emulation VMBus VMBus Windows hypervisor Ring -1 “Designed for Windows” Server Hardware

11. What is an Integration Service (IS)? • IS = Integration Service(used to be referred to as Integration Component or IC) • ISs enable a child OS instance to run better through improved integration with virtualization layer (sometimes called enlightenment) • Enlightenment generally includes: • Synthetic Drivers • Integration Services

12. ISs for Windows • Enlightenments for Windows include: • Synthetic Drivers • IDE driver • SCSI driver • Network Drive • Mouse Integration • Video • Integration Services • Operating System Shutdown • Time Synchronization • Data Exchange • Heartbeat • Backup (VSS co-ordination)

13. What do you get for Linux? • Enlightenments for Linux include (depending on version): • Synthetic Drivers • IDE driver • SCSI driver • Network Drive • SMP Support (one to four virtual processors supported) • Integration Services (shutdown, time sync, heartbeat) • What’s Missing? • Console Mouse Integration (can get from Xen) • Integration Services (data exchange and “live” backup)

14. Linux Integration Services Functionality by Version

15. Reality Check: ISs NOT Required to run on Hyper-V • Hyper-V device emulation works for most operating systems (with less performance) • Key hardware components are emulated: • Video = S3 Trio64 SVGA “like” VESA • Network = Intel / DEC “Tulip” 21x4x • IDE = Similar to that on Intel 440BX • Just because an operating system loads and runs on Hyper-V does not mean Microsoft provide support - but they likely work just fine! Open Solaris SCO UNIX Other Linux

16. Reality Check: ISs work on other distributions Customer: Why doesn’t Microsoft support more Linux distributions on Hyper-V, like <insert name of community Linux distro>? Me: What company do you call for support of <insert name of community Linux distro> when it’s not on Hyper-V? Customer: Well, nobody… there is no company. Me: Well then why would that change on Hyper-V? Customer: Point taken. You said Hyper-V Server R2 was free, right?

17. Agenda • Introductions • Overview – What is an Integration Service? • Installing Integration Services • Linux on Hyper-V: What To Expect • Tips, Tricks, Benefits • Q and A

18. Where To Get the ISs? • V2/V2.1 (2008 and Hyper-V R2) available from http://www.microsoft.com/downloads • Linux kernel 2.6.32 and newer, ISs may already be there (if included by the distro - just enable) • No Integration Services package (yet) for 2.6.28+ Instructions! IS ISO File

19. ReadMe for Linux Integration Services V2 • The “Readme” is a fantastic resource! • Includes instructions for • Installing ISs • Upgrading from V1 to V2 for SLES and RHEL • Guidance about issues and Best Practices • (hda=noprobehdb=noprobe) • Static MAC addresses (use if VMs are live on HA Hyper-V!)

20. Console Mouse Integration • Mouse work just fine, it just will not come “out of scope” automatically • Use Ctrl-Alt-Left Arrow to release mouse • Problem with “chained RDP” – no mouse if you remote into Hyper-V host and access VM • Use Hyper-V Console on local system instead • Remote into VM instead! • Linux servers often loaded without GUI (don’t care about the mouse!) or accessed via remote X-Windows or VNC • Can add mouse support after ICs via Xen site:http://www.xen.org/download/satori.html(code is licensed under GPL) • Doesn’t work on all distros (ex. SLES 11)

21. You also Need Linux! • At this time only the following are supported (1 vCPU): • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 x86 or x64 • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 x86 or x64 • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 x86 or x64 • Must be sure to install • Linux Source Code • C compiler (building drivers!)

22. ISs Install on LOTS of Distros • Microsoft DOES NOT SUPPORT other distros, - there’s no company on the other end of the phone to call! • For the latest list of supported distributions, check http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc794868(WS.10).aspx • Other distributions may be community supported • Integration Services work with versions of Linux based on kernel release 2.6.16 and newer

23. Linux IS Installation • Prepare • Run as root (changing the configuration) • Mount LinuxIC ISO file inside VM • Copy contents to system volume in VM • Build and install synthetic drivers • SCSI • IDE • Network • Reboot/Confirm Source Code Compiler

24. Installing the ISs is easy, if you have the right pieces!

25. Adding Required Components via Command Line • Red Hat updates yum install kernel-devel yum groupinstall "development tools" yum update • SLES updates yast –i kernel-devel yast–i kernel-source yast –i gcc

26. Linux IS Installation – be root! • Mount the IC ISO and copy contents local mount /dev/cdrom /mnt mkdir /opt/linux_is cd /opt/linux_is cp –r /mnt/* /opt/linux_is • Install drivers make make install • Reboot Add Hyper-V ISs

27. Verifying Installation Check Version Check Drivers

28. Microsoft Confidential Verifying Installation

29. Detecting the IS Version • Version 2.1 and newer support modinfo • Let’s you know the version of the Integration Services installed!

30. Other Versions of Linux • Installation on Red Hat Enterprise Linux works the same way • Other distributions as well… BUT THEY ARE NOT SUPPORTED BY MICROSOFT! Red Hat (supported) CentOS (unsupported)!

31. Linux on Hyper-V Demonstration John Kelbley, Senior Technical Product Manager johnkel@microsoft.com

32. Integration Services are now in Linux! (staging) • V2 ISs are included in the “staging tree” of Linux! • Included in 2.6.32 and beyond (for some distributions) • As distributions adopt version 2.6.32+ synthetic storage and network drivers may already be there!

33. Kernel 2.6.32 and Newer • Some ISs may already be there (if included in the distribution)

34. Kernel 2.6.32 and Newer • Edit / etc/initramfs-tools/modules sudogedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules • Add the following lines hv_vmbushv_storvschv_blkvschv_netvsc • Update suduupdate-initramfs –u • Reboot

35. Kernel 2.6.32 and Newer • Verify is the same for all versions /sbin/lsmod | grepvsc

36. External Guidance Exists for other Distros… • http://blogs.technet.com/enterprise_admin/archive/2010/03/09/linux-and-hyper-v-the-easy-way-brown-and-serve.aspx • http://blog.allanglesit.com/Blog/tabid/66/EntryId/44/Hyper-V-Guests-Compile-Linux-2-6-32-on-Debian.aspx

37. Agenda • Introductions • Overview – What is an Integration Service? • Installing Integration Services • Linux on Hyper-V: What To Expect • Tips, Tricks, Benefits • Q and A

38. Tested Linux VM Configs Emulated (no IS support) IO and network subsystems experience significant degradation compared to metal With Integration Services IO can be ~40% faster than emulated Network ~30% better than emulated Non-Hypervisor Aware OS Linux Kernel Linux VSC Emulation VMBus

39. Agenda • Introductions • Overview – What is an Integration Service? • Installing Integration Services • Linux on Hyper-V: What To Expect • Tips, Tricks, Benefits • Q and A

40. Tips & Tricks: Migration (P2V) • Fresh install is always best, but sometimes a Physical to Virtual (P2V) migration is required • Lots of tools available - simplest way (I’ve found) • DD • VHDTool • http://blogs.technet.com/enterprise_admin/archive/2010/05/13/linux-p2v-with-dd-and-vhdtool-easy-and-cheap.aspx

41. Benefits of Linux on Hyper-V • Consolidation (why most folks look at virtualization!) • Management • Backup and Recovery

42. Management • Hyper-V uses a rich set of WMI-based APIs • Great Open Source Hyper-V Management library available on CodePlexhttp://pshyperv.codeplex.com/ • System Center suite • System Center Virtual Machine Manager • System Center Operations Manager • System Center Cross Platform & Interop • http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/systemcenter/scx/default.aspx

43. IT Management With System Center • Virtual machine management • Server consolidation and resource utilization optimization • Conversions: P2V and V2V • Live host level virtual machine backup • In guest consistency • Rapid recovery Design, configure & Deploy Services (Physical & Virtual) Back up and Recovery Update, patch and manage configuration Monitor and Manage Service End to End • End to end service management • Server and application health monitoring & management • Performance reporting and analysis • Patch management and deployment • OS and application configuration management • Software upgrades Automate and Manage IT Process and Compliance

44. Monitoring Linux with System Center • System Center Operations Manage (SCOM) has the capability to monitor popular Linux and UNIX versions: • Monitoring Linux Using SCOM 2007 R2http://blogs.technet.com/b/birojitn/archive/2010/01/20/monitoring-linux-using-scom-2007-r2.aspx • Introduction to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Management Packhttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee514518.aspx

45. Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit 5.0 Beta • Integrated Automated Toolkit for migration planning from desktops to servers • Agent-less inventory of clients, servers, applications, devices and roles • Technology migration and readiness assessment and proposal generation • Multi-Product Planning and Assessment Tool (Pre-sales proposals included) • Hardware and Device Compatibility for Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Microsoft Office 2010 • Server Virtualization candidates for consolidation with Hyper-V and Virtual Server 2005 R2 • SQL Servers Inventory • Desktop Security Assessment and Forefront/NAP Readiness

46. Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit 5.0 BetaHeterogeneous Server Assessment Summary

47. Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit 5.0 BetaHardware Inventory Results

48. Backup and Recovery • Backup of physical Linux systems can be a challenge for Windows admins(new agents / processes – YUCK!) • Hyper-V can facilitate backup & recovery • DPM (or WSB, or a batch file with Xcopy) easier and almost always costs less than other enterprise backup solutions • VM can be restored to exact point in time of backup • Linux VMs backed up using parent VSS – VMs “saved” during backup • VM paused and memory saved to disk • Snapshot taken on parent • VM resumed

49. Virtualization Backup, for example… Virtual Machine1 Virtual Machine 2 Virtual Machine 3 Virtual Machine 4

50. Virtualization - with non-VSS Guest OS For any OS or application that is not internally VSS-aware: • Linux • Windows 2000 • Windows with Oracle • Windows with LOB app • Hibernate OS to dump memory / CPU to VSV • Snap with VSS • Resume OS Virtual Machine1 Virtual Machine 2 Windows 2000