Antioxydative enzymes, CAT, SOD and APX, increased with salt or JA treatments compared to control plantlets.

1. Effects of Jasmonic Acid and Salt Applications on Antioxydative Enzyme Activities of the Eggplant Seedlings Culturedin vitro Banu GÜNALP1, Özge HORASAN1, Fikret YAŞAR2, Şebnem KUŞVURAN3, Rukiye TIPIRDAMAZ4, Şebnem ELLİALTIOĞLU1 1AnkaraUniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ankara, Turkey2Yüzüncü YılUniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Van, Turkey3Çankırı KaratekinUniversity, Kızılırmak Vocational High School, Çankırı, Turkey4HacettepeUniversity, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey A B I. Introduction Salinity is a major abiotic stress reducing the yield of a wide variety of crops all over the world. Different strategies are being employed to optimize growth under saline conditions. One of them is to produce salt tolerant genotypes in different crops. In addition, many other attempts have been made to overcome this disorder, including exogenous application of plant growth regulators (1). Plant hormones are active members of the signal compounds involved in the induction of plant stress responses (2). Jasmonic acid (JA), which is naturally synthesized by plants, plays an important role as a signal molecule that induces the tolerance mechanisms under the influence of both biotic and abiotic stresses such as virus, bacteria and fungi infections, freezing, drought, heat and heavy metals.Pretreatment with JA reduced the inhibitory effect of high salt concentration on growth and photosythesis of barley (3). Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), belongs to family Solanaceae, is an important crop for Turkey. According to the FAO 2009 statistics, Turkey with a yield of 297.000 tons in 30.000 hectares holds the first place in eggplant production in Europe. Furthermore, it is known that embryo culture applications in eggplant shorten the period of time needed for a generation for nearly 2 to 2,5 months. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of JA individually and accompanied with salt stress on two cultivars of eggplant embryos cultured in vitro. II. Materials and Methods • Embryos gently isolated from the 32 days old seeds of eggplants were transplanted on hormone-free MS (4,5). Medium basically containing 2% saccharose, 0.7% agar at pH 5.7 . Also different concentrations of NaCl and JA were applied. • 9 different applications and two cultivars of eggplant were used: cv. Mardin (M:Tolerant) and Kemer (K:Sensitive) (6) • A.No JA andNaCl (14 days) C. JA 10 (10µM JA 14 days) E. NaClcontrol( 100 mM NaCl 14 days) F. NaCl+JA 10(100mMNaCl+10µJA 14 days) H.Pre JA 10(10µM JA 4days)+NaCl (100mM NaCl 10 days) • B. No JA andNaCl (14 days) D. JA 20 (20µM JA 14 days) G.NaCl+JA 20(100mMNaCl+20µJA 14 days) I. PreJA 20(20µM JA 4 days)+NaCl (100 mM NaCl10 days) • Embryos were incubated for 21 days at 25± 1 ⁰C and 16/8 hours of light/dark. • After the incubation period, plantlets were harvested and germination percentageandantioxydativeenzymes, SOD, CAT and APX, weredeterminated. III. Results and Discussion Antioxydative enzymes, CAT, SOD and APX, increased with salt or JA treatments compared to control plantlets. The SOD, CAT and APX activities of the salt-tolerant Mardin variety were higher than salt-sensitive Kemer variety. A B C D Conclusions Amongallapplications of JA, plantletsthatwerepre-treatedwith 10 µM JA andthentransferredtothesaltymediashowedrelativelybetterdevelopmentthantheotherapplications. As a result of our research, it is possible to claim thatJAwasperceived as a stress factorbytheseedlings and JA applicationsresulted in enhanced enzyme activities. It can be even said that some doses of JA caused higher inhibition and more devastating effects on eggplant seedlings than salt applications did.  E F G H References 1.Kaya, C., Tuna, A.L., Yokaş, I. 2009. The Role of Plant Hormones in Plants Under Salinity Stress. İn: Salinity and Water Stress (Eds: Ashraf, M., Ozturk, M., Athar, H.R.), Springer Verlag. pp: 45-50. 2. Pedranzani, H., Racagni,, G., Alemano, S., Miersh, O., Ramirez, I., Pena-Cortes, H., Taleisnik, E., Machado-Domenech, E., Abdala, G. 2003. Salt tolerant tomato plants show increased levels of jasmonik acid. Plant Growth Regu. 41: 149-158. 3. Tsonev, T.D., Lazova, G.N., Stoinova, Z.G., Popova, L.P. 1998. A possible role for jasmonic acid in adaptation of barley seedlengs to salinity stres. J Plant Growth Regul 17: 153-159. 4. Ellialtıoğlu, Ş., & Öztürk, S. 1998. Embryo culture studies in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Biotechnological Industry University Cooperation Symposium (s. 33-38). Eskişehir: Anadolu University and the BiotechnologyAssociation. 5. Murashige, T., Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plantarum , 15: 473-497. 6. Yaşar, F., 2003, Investigation of some Antioxidative Enzymes on Eggplant Genotypes Grown under Salt Stress in vivo and in vitro conditions . Yüzüncü Yıl University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. (Ph.D. Thesis, in Turkish)), Van, Turkey,125p. I Germination rate was 100% and plant growth was normal in control application however germination rate and plant growth were inhibited by salt or JA application. Effects of different applications for Mardin Kızıltepe