Brown Marmorated Stink Bug is an Invasive Species

1. Tracy C. LeskeyResearch EntomologistUSDA-ARSAppalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysville, WV 25430 USA Developing Monitoring and Management Tools for the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Specialty Crops

2. Native to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug is an Invasive Species

3. 2 3 4 5 nd rd th th Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Life History • Deposit eggs on undersides of leaves. Five nymphal stages. One to two generations per year in areas where it is established. • Over 100 host plants including tree fruit, small fruit, grapes, vegetables, legumes, and ornamentals. • Limited biological control from native natural enemies. Egg Mass 1st Adult Male Adult Female

4. History of BMSB in the United States Secondary pest problems become common in east and increasing populations in west Aggressive chemically-based management. Late-season populations down in most locations, higher than others. First confirmed MD specimen Severe crop injury and serious nuisance problems throughout the mid-Atlantic. First properly identified specimen in the USA. Collected in Allentown, PA Serious late season injury in tree fruit in Mid-Atlantic First suspected specimens collected in Allentown, PA First reports of late season injury in tree fruit in Mid-Atlantic Introduced into USA? Rebuilding IPM and mitigating risk Localized reports of injury in Allentown area

5. Current Distribution of BMSB in North America

6. 2008-2009 Late Season Problems – Four Years After First Detections Some growers already losing 10% of crops

7. Large Overwintering Population Fall 2009

8. BMSB Early Season Activity April – June 2010

9. Appearance of BMSB Injury in Stone FruitLate June 2010

10. Late July 2010 Many mid-Atlantic growers in WV, MD, PA and VA had significant losses. Numerous growers lost over 50% of their peach crop in 2010. Some lost their entire crop.

11. Serious and Devastating Pest of Specialty and Row Crops

12. $37 Million In Losses to Mid-Atlantic Apple Growers

15. BMSB is a Serious Nuisance Pest

16. One Homeowner’s Plight “This weekend I vacuumed up more than 8,000 stink bugs (vast majority were alive) in my attic, to add to the now more than 4,000 I’ve removed from my living space since 1/1/2011. I have now destroyed 12, 348 stink bugs in my home in 45 days since January 1, 2011.   After all the effort this weekend, another 100+ found their way into my kitchen (a two year old addition) Sunday afternoon.”  (mid-Feb, Resident near Harpers Ferry, WV) 

17. Landscape-Level Threat To Crops and IPM Programs Invasive Tree-of-Heaven Native Woody Hosts Corn Apple Photo Courtesy of Chris Bergh Biology, Ecology, and Management of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Orchard Crops, Small Fruit, Grapes, Vegetables, and Ornamentals USDA-NIFA SCRI Coordinated Agricultural Project

18. What Have We Learned So Far?

19. Post-2010 Progress There is a huge range of insecticide effects within chemical classes. No chemical class uniformly outperformed all others, but representatives of each major class demonstrated potential value for field use. Even at highest doses of the most effective insecticides, BMSB are very hard to kill via contact with a dry residue. Potential for recovery from “moribund” state was demonstrated for some pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. Residual activity in the field is very short. Mitigated immediate threat but with significant consequences. Increased inputs (as much as 4-fold greater) and labor. Increased costs and frequent secondary pest outbreaks. IPM programs devastated.

20. Insecticides Used Against BMSB in Tree Fruit

22. Development of Effective Detection and Monitoring Tools • Tools that provide accurate measurements of presence, abundance, and seasonal activity of BMSB. • Growers can make informed management decisions.

23. Key Components of Trap-Based Monitoring • Visual Stimulus • Large black pyramid (trunk-mimicking stimulus) • Olfactory Stimulus • ? • Capture Mechanism • Tapered pyramid attached to inverted funnel jar with DDVP strip • Deployment Strategy • Traps placed in peripheral row of orchard

24. Prior to 2012, One Attractant Available Methyl (2E, 4E, 6Z)-decatrieonate is an attractant produced by the Asian stink bug, Plautiastali. Cross attractive to BMSB and other pentatomids.

25. In 2011, We Confirmed Limitations of MDT Serious Early-Season Adult Invasion Period Attractive to BMSB adults in the Late-Season Only

26. Despite Reports in the Asian Literature, Our Only Attractant Fails During the Early- and Mid-Season • Methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrieonate (MDT) attractive to adults only during the late-season. Confirmed in MD, WV, NJ, PA, VA and other states in 2011. Not attractive to adults in early- and mid-season.

27. Identification and Commercialization of BMSB Aggregation Pheromone

28. Identification of the BMSB Aggregation Pheromone Traps baited with #10 captured ~15x more than control and ~3-4x more than other treatments.

29. 2012 Broad Validation of #10 Attractiveness in Multi-State Trial • Is BMSB attracted to #10 in the early season? • Is BMSB attracted to #10 season-long? • How attractive is this stimulus relative to MDT and unbaited traps? • WV, MD, VA, PA, NJ, NY, DE, NC, OR, WA, OH, and MI

30. General Protocol • Black pyramid traps • Three odor treatments • 1) #10 (10 mg) • 2) MDT (119 mg) 10X greater • 3) unbaited control • Traps are deployed between wild host habitat and agricultural production areas. • Traps were deployed in mid-April and left in place season-long.