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Chapter 5. Natural Laws and Car Control. 5.1. Gravity and Energy of Motion. __________________. Is the force that pulls all things to Earth. Driving Up Hills. You will ____________ speed unless you use extra power To hold speed
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Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control
5.1 Gravity and Energy of Motion
__________________ Is the force that pulls all things to Earth.
Driving Up Hills • You will ____________speed unless you use extra power • To hold speed • You must ____________the vehicle’s power to overcome the pulling force of gravity • Easier to ____________!
Driving Down Hills • Gravity will ____________your speed while going down hill. • Will take you longer to ____________! • Always ____________while going down a hill!
____________of ____________ • Is the point around which an object’s weight is ____________distributed. • Lower the center of gravity – the ____________stable the object becomes. • SUVs very ____________especially when you lift them. *Car carriers!
____________of ____________ • The ____________energy or the energy an object has because it is moving. • The faster your vehicle moves, the ____________energy of motion it has. • Energy of motion is also affected by the ____________of the moving object.
Energy of Motion and Stopping Distance • Go to page 93. • When a truck weighs twice as much; it needs about ____________the distance to STOP!
5.2 Friction & Traction
____________ • Is the force that keeps each tire from ____________on the road. • You can feel the same force by rubbing your hands together.
____________ • Friction or gripping power between the ____________and the roadway surface. • Traction makes it possible for your vehicle to ____________the road so you can change speed and direction.
TIRES!!!! • Tires make a huge difference in the way your vehicle performs. • Driving with low pressure in your tires can be the difference between avoiding a collision or hitting something. • We will discuss this very soon!
Tread and Traction • ____________- outer grooved surface of a tire that grips the road. • Tread allows the tire to cut through ____________and grip the road.
Bald tires • ____________ grip the road • More likely to have a blowout. • ____________ • Is where all the air escapes a tire at once.
Inflation and traction • See page 95 • Always check the owner’s manual to find out the best air pressure range to keep your tires at! • Check regularly! • Cold weather – pressure ____________ • Hot weather – pressure ____________
Underinflation • Only the ____________of the tires will grip the ground. • Outside part of tires will wear first which equally short life of the tires. • In emergencies it will not perform properly.
Overinflation • Only the ____________of the tire will grip the road. • The center of the tire will wear more quickly than a normal tire.
Reduced Traction • Vehicle’s condition • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________
When are the road most slippery? ________________________________________________________________________________________
Curves • Energy of motion and traction will work on your vehicle as you go around a curve. • The energy of motion will try to make your vehicle go ____________in a curve. • ____________the speed = more it will tend to go straight.
Speed and Curves • You cant control the ___________but you can control your ____________. • Reduce your chances of skidding by ____________your speed before entering a curve.
Sharpness of Curves • The sharper a curve, the more traction your vehicle needs to grip the road. • Sharper the curve = ____________ your speed
Banked Curves • A curve that is ____________on the outside than it is on the inside. • Helps to overcome your vehicle's tendency to move to the outside of the curve.
5.3 Stopping Distance
__________ __________ Distance The distance your car travels while you make a stop.
____________ Time • The ____________ it takes to identify, predict, and decide to slow for a hazard. • Perception time will vary depending on: • ____________ • The ____________ of hazard
Perception _________ • The ____________ your vehicle travels during perception time. • Depending on the driving situation this may change.
____________ Time • The length of time you take to execute your action. • Average reaction time is ____________ of a second.
____________ Distance • The distance your vehicle travels while you react.
____________ Distance • The distance you vehicle travels from the time you ____________ the brake until your vehicle ____________. * If you accelerate from 20 mph to 40 mph, your braking distance will be about ______ times longer.
How do you estimate stopping distance? • Pick a fixed object or checkpoint ahead where you think you can stop. • Count _____ seconds. • Check your position. If you reached it, then you can assume that you could have stopped there under ideal conditions. *If you were traveling 65 mph, it would take about 300 ft to stop (length of a football field.)
Factors that Affect Braking Distance • Speed – higher speed ____________ the braking distance • Vehicle Condition – vehicles with worn shocks, ____________, and brakes need longer time • Roadway surface – rain, ____________, ice, dirt, gravel, & ____________ reduce traction
Driver Ability – if you are distracted or impaired, it will take you longer to stop your vehicle. • Antilock Braking System – allows you to better control your stopping distance while turning • Hills – braking ____________ when driving downhill • Loads – ____________loads increase your braking distance
5.4 Controlling Force of Impact
Force of Impact • The force with which a ______________________________________________________ • Three factors that determine how hard something will hit another object: • ____________ • ____________ • ________________________________
Speed • Is the ____________ factor in determining how hard a vehicle will hit another object. • Any reduction in speed will greatly ____________ the damage inflicted. • Always try to ____________ speed in an emergency.
Weight • The heavier a vehicle, the ____________ damage it will cause in a collision. • A vehicle weighing twice as much as another vehicle will hit a solid object ____________ as hard.
Distance between impact & stopping • The ______________ a vehicle covers between the instant it hits an object and the moment it comes to a __________ can vary greatly. • Sand barrels slow your vehicle as it hits a guardrail.
How many collisions occur when you are in a collision? • 1st – The ______________ hits the object and stops. • 2nd – The ______________ either hit the inside of the vehicle or their restraints devices. • 3rd – Occupants may suffer internal collisions as their organs ______________ their bodies.
Passive Restraints Devices • Works ______________ • Ex. ______________
Active Restraint Devices • Is a device that you have to ______________ . • Ex. ______________
How to wear safety belts • Adjust your seat to a comfortable upright position. • Buckle your seatbelt making sure lap part is low and snug across your hips. • Adjust shoulder part. Never put it behind your body!
Air Bags • Is balloon-type device that automatically inflates to protect you. • They deploy at speeds over _______ mph. • Are designed to work with ____________ . • Keep hands between 9 and 3 o’clock and 8 and 4 o’clock to prevent serious hand, arm, head, and eye injury.
Airbags continued… • Make sure you sit at least ______________ inches away from the steering wheel. • Children in child seats and young people up to the age of ______________ must sit in the back seat.
Air bag Improvements • Sensors can measure weight, seat position, and severity of crash. • Deploys in 2 stages appropriate for speed and intensity • Airbag switches give vehicle owners a choice about using an airbag.
Other Protection Devices • Automatic Safety Belts • Make sure you buckle the lap belt • Front and rear crush areas • Designed to ______________ on impact like an accordion • Energy absorbing bumpers • Absorb low levels of impact up to _____ mph without damage
Side door beams • Steal beams built into the side door. • ______________ windshield • Two pieces of glass with a thin layer of plastic in the middle help avoid flying glass. • Energy-absorbing steering wheel • Designed to ______________ when hit.
______________ dash • Can reduce injury in all crashes • ______________ seats • All states require them. Must be used in the back seat. • Head restraints • Padded head rests on top of seat protect against ______________ .
