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Snakes

Snakes. All are carnivores. Control rodent population. Methods of capturing food. venom. Methods of capturing food. Constriction (most common). Methods of capturing food. Swallow alive. Ouch!. Venomous snakes in U.S.

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Snakes

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  1. Snakes • All are carnivores Control rodent population

  2. Methods of capturing food • venom

  3. Methods of capturing food • Constriction (most common)

  4. Methods of capturing food • Swallow alive

  5. Ouch!

  6. Venomous snakes in U.S. • Rattlesnakes, cotton mouths (water moccasins), coral snakes, copperheads

  7. coral snake – red next to yellow will kill a fellow • king snake – red next to black is harmless to jack

  8. Only venomous snake of this area • Great basin rattlesnake

  9. Rattlesnake structure

  10. Scutes • Modified ventral scales, provides traction

  11. Eyes • Nearsighted, fused transparent eye lid Brille

  12. Molting – ecdysis

  13. Rattle Do not tell the age! Rattles are not shed with skin

  14. Nostrils • Mainly for breathing

  15. Pits • Heat sensors

  16. Tongue • Forked, collects chemicals from environment

  17. Jacobson’s organ • Senses the chemicals collected by the tongue

  18. Gullet • Opening to the esophagus, leads to the stomach

  19. Glottis • Opening to the trachea, leads to the lungs

  20. Solid teeth • Curved backwards to grip the prey and force it in

  21. Fangs • Hollow, inject venom, shed and replaced periodically

  22. Venom duct • Carries venom to the fangs

  23. Venom gland • Modified salivary gland

  24. Hemotoxin • Acts on blood vessels causing internal bleeding

  25. Neurotoxin • Acts on nerves, can paralyze heart and breathing

  26. Venom gland muscle • Voluntary muscle, snake has to think to inject venom, 1 out of 3 bites to humans are dry bites

  27. Rattlesnake strike • Rarely more than ½ their body length, about the speed of a boxer’s jab

  28. Adaptations for swallowing prey • Unhinge their jaw in 3 places

  29. Adaptations for swallowing prey • Teeth curve backwards

  30. Adaptations for swallowing prey • Can move trachea to breathe

  31. Adaptations for swallowing prey • Elastic skin

  32. Snake bite do’s • Go to the doctor • Stay calm • Splint the bite area • Remove rings

  33. Snake bite don’ts • Run • Cut and suck • Tourniquet

  34. Flying snakes Flatten out their bodies and can glide over 300 feet

  35. Lizards • Versatile feeders – can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores

  36. Gila monster • Only venomous lizard in the U.S. (one of the 2 in the world) Venom glands are in lower jaw

  37. Chameleon adaptations • Can change color

  38. Chameleon adaptations • Grasping toes and tail

  39. Chameleon adaptations • Eyes work independently

  40. Chameleon adaptations • Sticky tongue can stretch the length of their bodies to capture food

  41. Komodo dragon • Largest living lizard, 10 ft. long, 300 lbs Bacteria on teeth cause blood poisoning in prey

  42. Armadillo lizard

  43. Frilled lizard

  44. Desert horned lizard Shoots blood from its eye to escape predators

  45. Turtles and tortoises • Include the longest living animals on Earth, some may live up to 200 years

  46. Carapace • Top shell consisting of backbone and ribs

  47. Plastron • Bottom shell – modified sternum (breastbone)

  48. Saltwater crocodile • Largest living reptile, 27 feet long

  49. Gharial Native to India

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