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Advanced Techniques in Computer Animation: A Comprehensive Guide

This detailed guide explores key techniques in computer animation, from motion control to kinematics, physics, and more. It covers principles of animation, interpolation methods, and procedural animation, providing insights into effective presentation and aesthetics.

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Advanced Techniques in Computer Animation: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Feature-length films: • Games: • Desktop Animations:

  2. Computer Animationmotion control • Keyframing: “hand-crafted” animation • Digitized motion: Motion Capture (mocap) • Procedural animation: algorithms to control movement

  3. Computer Animation Production

  4. Keyframing • Digital equivalent to traditional, hand-drawn animation • Animator designs ‘keys’ • Selects interpolation technique and sets timing • System does what traditionally was done by low-paid trainees - automatically computes in-between frames

  5. Keyframes

  6. Keyframe…anything • Transformations: scale, rotate, translate • Shape: squash and stretch • Color: e.g. of a flame • Image (morphing) • Any attribute or parameter

  7. Principles of Animation • Arcs • Slow-in and slow-out • Straight ahead • Anticipation • Exaggeration • Staging • Squash and stretch • Timing • Secondary Action • Follow through and overlapping action • Appeal • Solid drawing Physics Technical approach Aesthetics Efective presentation

  8. Interpolation • Linear (yawn) or cubic (e.g. Hermite, Bezier, etc.) • Interpolation of orientation (rotation) takes special care: quaternions • Need to estimate arc-length • Control acceleration/deceleration: ease-in, ease-out

  9. Interpolation Show 683 lab

  10. Mocap • Several technologies: optical, mechanical, magnetic • Research on ‘markerless’ mocap • Hard to ‘retarget’ to new figure or imaginary creature

  11. Mocap

  12. Procedural Animation • Set initial conditions - run simulation • Control is an issue • Computational cost (e.g. real-time) is an issue

  13. Kinematics of articulated figures • Forward kinematics • Inverse kinematics • Pseudo-inverse of the Jacobian • Cyclic Coordinate Descent • others…

  14. Kinematics of articulated figures

  15. Physically based simulation • Kinematics v. Dynamics • Forces & mass -> acceleration -> velocity -> position • Point mass, particle system • Rigid body dynamics: add rotational dynamics: inertia tensor & torques • Flexible body animation: elastic collisions

  16. Forces • Gravity • Spring • Viscosity: damping • Friction: static & kinetic • Wind field • Impulse force of contact • Fictional forces

  17. Forces -> • Update • Integration • Numerical integration • Runge-Kutta, Implicit Euler, etc.

  18. Spring-damper-mass system • Collection of point masses connected by springs and dampers • Model cloth, flexible body dynamics • Tricky to set constants and connections

  19. Spring-damper-mass system

  20. Spring-damper-mass system

  21. Spring-damper-mass system Show example animation

  22. Particle system • Collection of point masses • No interaction between point masses • Interact with environment

  23. Particle system

  24. Particle system Show example animation

  25. Rigid body dynamics • Inertia tensor • Conservation of momentum • Coefficient of restitution • Impulse force of collision

  26. Rigid body dynamics Show example animation

  27. Forward dynamics of articulated linkage • Featherstone equations • Traverse linkage forming inertia tensor

  28. Human figure animation • Kinematics of walking, reaching, sitting, standing • Motion capture • Modeling muscles - appearance, dynamics • Dynamics of grasping, handling, lifting

  29. Human figure animation Show animations

  30. Facial animation • Expressions • Lip-sync animation • Emotion

  31. Facial animation Show animations

  32. Behavioral animation • Flocking • Prey-preditor model • Crowds • Emotion • Personality

  33. Behavioral animation Show animations

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