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Math and Science

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  1. Math and Science

  2. How Math is Used • Mathematics is used to describe natural objects and populations • Mathematics is used to model natural systems

  3. Measuring Systems • Measuring systems are constructed from a few minimum necessary elements • Length • Mass • Time • Temperature

  4. Describing Objects • Measurements can be combined to describe an object • Volume = length 3 (ex. cm3 , m 3) • Density = mass/volume (ex. g/cm3, mg/m3) • Concentration = mass/volume (ex. g/ml, mg/L)

  5. Describing Processes • Measurements can be combined to describe a process • Velocity = length/time (ex. m/sec, km/hr)

  6. Types of Data • Discrete Data • Each item measured is a discrete or whole unit • Continuous Data • Points along a continuum • Points along a subdivided scale

  7. Types of Measurement Scales • Nominal and Ordinal Scales • Used to measure discrete data • Interval and Ratio Scales • Used to measure continuous data

  8. Scales of Measurement • Nominal and Ordinal Scales • Used for discrete data • Sorting of whole units into groupings

  9. Nominal Scale For discrete data • Whole units sorted into groupings of equal value. • No measure of difference between items • Ex. Numbers of males and females

  10. Ordinal Scale For discrete data • Whole units sorted into groupings of relative value • Measure of difference between items in groups • Ex. Fish ranked by size small fish, medium fish, and big fish

  11. Colorimetric Comparisons Nominal or Ordinal?

  12. Scales of Measurement • Interval and Ratio Scales • Used for continuous data • Indicates the distance between items

  13. Interval and Ratio Scales • The ratio between any two intervals is independent of the unit of measurement and of the zero point. • No matter which scale you use the ratio of intervals remains the same.

  14. Ratio Scale • Has a true zero point • Ex. Length, volume, weight

  15. Interval Scale Zero point is arbitrarily set Ex. Temperature (arbitrary zero based on temperature at which water freezes)

  16. Concentration of Added Nitrogen Ratio or Interval?

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