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Ancient Egypt: Life Along the Nile and Beliefs on Afterlife

Explore the significance of the Nile River, religious beliefs, mummification, hieroglyphics, dynasties, and societal structure in Ancient Egypt. From the Stone Age to the end of the last ice age, discover the rich history of this civilization.

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Ancient Egypt: Life Along the Nile and Beliefs on Afterlife

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  1. Unit 1 Ancient Egypt 7000 B.C. to 30 B.C.

  2. End of last ice age was about ____B.C. About ____B.C. Stone Age hunters settle around Nile River About ____B.C. the ag. revolution hits area About 3,500 B.C. see small farming villages Intro.

  3. Longest river in the world • Flows ____to the Mediterranean • Advantages: • Brought moisture to what would otherwise be desert • Predictable floods made soil fertile (not today) • Transportation (linked Upper and Lower Egypt) The Nile River: Giver of life

  4. Nile advantages continued • Attracted wildlife for hunting • ____grew here (used for paper) The nile river: giver of life

  5. _____and ____deserts surround area • Mediterranean and ____Sea • To the south there are 6 cataracts that were impassable • ____peninsula is where most passed • Surrounding desert = barrier to farmers • Built ____systems Natural Barriers

  6. Religious beliefs reflected the importance of ____ • Believed ____controlled nature and life/death • Polytheistic • Believed in village god • Other gods • East (where sun rises) represents ____ • West (where sun sets) represents ____ • Egyptians always built tombs and funeral temples on the ____bank of the Nile Religion in Ancient Egypt

  7. Amon-Re (____god) = most important • ____= God of the Nile • Murdered by brother, Set (evil who caused ____) • ____= Osiris’ wife, brought husband back to life • Osiris returned as god of the underworld and judge of the ____ • Egyptians celebrate the death and rebirth of Osiris • Identified with the rise and fall of the ____ Egyptian Gods

  8. When someone died: “You have not gone away dead. You have gone away alive.” • Believed that in afterlife you were happy, well fed, busy with enjoyable activities • After you die: • Go to the underworld to be judged by ____ • Declare your innocence of sin • Osiris weighed your heart against a ____(symbol of truth) • If you fail you are eaten by a ____, if you pass you go to the afterlife Ammit Life After Death

  9. Egyptians planned carefully for life after death • Wealthy built elaborate ____ • Rulers built ____as tombs • Filled with ____they thought they would need in the afterlife • Needed bodies for a home for the ____ • Hence, ____ • at first only rulers and nobles, eventually lower class Life After Death

  10. Mummification

  11. Priests needed to record rituals, developed ____ • Hieroglyphics • Earliest about ____B.C. (pictograms) • Eventually add ideograms to show ____like sleeping • Symbols to represent sounds • Meaning of hieroglyphics lost until 1800s • Jean Champollion deciphered ____ • Black stone containing hieroglyphics and Greek • Champollion read Greek and deciphered hieroglyphics System of Writing

  12. Villages along the Nile split into ____(south) and ____Egypt (north) • ____united the 2 (successors wore double crown) • Probably first ruling family (dynasty) • About 30 dynasties btwn 2700 and 1090 B.C. • ____Kingdom 2700-2200 B.C. • ____Kingdom 2050-1800 B.C. • ____Kingdom 1570-1090 B.C. • Egyptians recorded events according to which dynasty was in power, not by dates Government in Ancient Egypt

  13. Old Kingdom • “pharaoh”, irrigation, improved hieroglyphics, Pyramids at ____, building pyramids cost a lot of money and pharaohs lost power • Middle Kingdom • Mid and lower class rise, drained Nile ____, expanded border, contact with other cultures, ____of Asia attack with horses and chariots and rule for 200 years, Egyptians learn to fight and unite to get rid of Hyksos • New Kingdom • Saw great growth (wealth and land), Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV wanted 1 god, son-in-law Tutankhamon, Ramses II • After Ramses, invaders = Assyrians, Persians, Greeks (Alexander the Great), Queen ____tried to restore Egypt, 31 B.C. ____conquer Government Continued

  14. Ancient Egyptian Society ____ ____ ____(merchants, artisans, doctors, skilled workers ____ ____

  15. Valued as mothers and wives Buy and sell property In royal family, regarded as ____ Women in Egyptian Society

  16. Schools first to train ____ • ____didn’t attend • Learned by ____ • Copying the words of the teacher as they spoke • After school, learned a trade or apprentices • ____were held in high regard Education

  17. Measured ___of squares and circles Figure the volumes of cylinders and spheres Predict ____ 365-day calendar (about ____ years ago) Obelisks, pyramids Surgery, set ____, treat ____injuries Scientific Accomplishments

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