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The Second Red Scare: Origins, Consequences, and the Cold War Arms Race

This lecture delves into the Second Red Scare, exploring its origins and geopolitical impacts, both foreign and domestic. Key topics include President Truman’s establishment of the Loyalty Review Board, HUAC's investigations into Hollywood, the infamous Hollywood Ten, and the actions of Senator Joe McCarthy. The lecture also covers the rise of espionage fears exemplified by the Rosenbergs, the development of the atomic bomb, the ensuing arms race, and the competition in space technology, culminating in the establishment of NASA.

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The Second Red Scare: Origins, Consequences, and the Cold War Arms Race

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Red Scare and Arms Race Lecture 4

  2. Standard 11.9.3 • Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy • Essential Question: ???

  3. The Second Red Scare • 1950: Congress gave Truman authority to detain “suspicious people. • Truman vetoed • 1947: Truman established a Loyalty Review Board • required a loyalty oath and background check communist groups and unions

  4. HUAC • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • 1949 • feared foreign agents were working to subvert America • Alger Hiss (State Dept.) tried twice for espionage and imprisoned for perjury

  5. Hollywood + Communism = Blacklisting • Blacklisting • HUAC investigated communism in Hollywood unions • “Hollywood Ten” refused to testify • banned from working • over 300 directors/actors denied employment • Potential communists • Ronald Reagan, Walt Disney, Elia Kazan (1999) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3q9ExRobeQ

  6. Hollywood Ten • Alvah Bessie • Herbert J. Biberman • Lester Cole • Edward Dmytryk • Ring Lardner, Jr. • John Howard Lawson • Albert Maltz • Samuel Ornitz • Adrian Scott • Dalton Trumbo

  7. Big Brother is watching

  8. Joe McCarthy • Joseph McCarthy • Wisconsin senator held up a “list” of 250 employees of State department who were communists • set off second red scare until 1954 when McCarthy fell out of favor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzKW-oz1Lbw

  9. Rosenbergs • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • Americans feared espionage led to rapid Soviet development of A-Bomb • US developed A-Bomb in 1945 • Soviets get A-Bomb in 1949 • US developed H-Bomb in 1952 • Soviets get H-Bomb in 1953 • executed Rosenbergs for espionage/treason

  10. CIA • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1947 • conducts secret operations outside the US • assassination attempts • intelligence gathering (espionage)

  11. The Arms Race • H-Bomb, 1952 • the hydrogen bomb was the first thermonuclear explosion • took place in the Marshall Islands • 450 times Nagasaki • vaporized an entire island, leaving behind a crater more than a mile wide

  12. MAD Dogg • Mutual Assured Destruction (M.A.D.) • deterrence was knowing that if we tried to kill them we would also die

  13. Sputnik • Sputnik, 1957 • first man-made satellite • circled the globe every 96 minutes for 92 days • created “missile gap” because Soviets were ahead in arms race and space race

  14. October Sky • National Defense Education Act • US emphasizes math and science • October Sky

  15. NASA • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958 • the arms race became the space race • JFK promised in 1961 to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s

  16. Study Guide • Questions 21-29 • Finish Summaries for lectures 1-4

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