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Global Lessons Learned from Taking CATS/CLTS to Scale

Global Lessons Learned from Taking CATS/CLTS to Scale. Evolution of Community Approaches What have we learned?. In the past 40 years the WASH sector has been involved in 21 different “software” approaches

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Global Lessons Learned from Taking CATS/CLTS to Scale

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  1. Global Lessons Learned from Taking CATS/CLTS to Scale

  2. Evolution of Community ApproachesWhat have we learned? • In the past 40 years the WASH sector has been involved in 21 different “software” approaches • Confusion over the difference between the provision of information, advocacy, behaviour change, social change and changing social norms. • Limited formative research on “insights” • Converting “insights” to action • Focusing on collective action and Public reasoning • Sequencing of activities

  3. Community Approaches to Total Sanitation UNICEF supports Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) with the goal of eliminating open defecation in communities around the world. CATS is an umbrella term developed by UNICEF Sanitation practitioners in 2008 to encompass a wide range of community-based sanitation programming. The CATS ‘Essential Elements’ are the common foundation for UNICEF sanitation programming globally. These principles provide a framework for action  and a set of shared values which can be easily adapted for programming in diverse contexts. Lesson 1: BUILD Consensus among all partners and implementers

  4. Lesson 2: Make informed adaptations as needed to ensure comfort and ownership of the approach at community level • PATS • SLTS • PhATS • PPHE • AC-CLTS • Etc

  5. Lesson 3: Capacity Building and knowledge management • Not just about the triggering process or the topic • Developing skills • Strengthening confidence • “Facilitating” must be constantly reinforced if not you get “Facipulation” • Power dynamics • Document mistakes and failures • as well as successes

  6. Lesson 4: Ensure all components of the process are given appropriate emphasis • Pre-triggering • Triggering • Post Triggering • Reinforcement

  7. Lesson 5: No two communities are exactly the same

  8. Lesson 6: Actual scaling up can take many forms The probability of an individual owning a latrine increases as the proportion of their social contacts owning a latrine increases.

  9. Lesson 7: Subsidies, Markets, Finance • Getting people on the sanitation ladder • Moving people up the sanitation ladder • Supply systems • Marketing activities • Equity and reaching the poorestSocial Targeting & Social Safety nets • BUT – Sequencing is important or you will undermine the norm change

  10. Lesson 8: TOTAL is a very important word Everyone, everywhere…….

  11. “Natural” erosion of ODF status due to newcomers, collapse of facilities, etc. Adherence to ODF status measured as % of households having and using latrines Acceptable 100% Drop-out effect due to the non-adherence to the new social norm Non acceptable Pre-CATS situation in terms of OD XX% Intensity of reinforcement efforts CATS intervention Triggering ODF certification Time

  12. Lesson 9: Policy, planning and enabling environment • Overall, CATS have contributed to achieving fast results in reducing the practice of open defecation, primarily through: • Re-orienting Government policies and strategies towards demand-led approaches; • Aligning partners towards reducing open defecation and demand-led approaches; • Creating the enabling environment to take CATS to scale.

  13. Lesson 10: Reflect, revise and innovate – but monitor, monitor, monitor, monitor • New learnings from the field • Opportunities to exchange information but also experiences • Informed Adaptations Quality of programming design and implementation

  14. Recommendations • Continue what is working, for example: • implement CATS through government channel whenever it is feasible; • engage at policy level to build a sound enabling environment; • integrate social norms concepts into CATS design and implementation; • use non-monetary, pride-based community awards as positive motivation; • integrate the CATS M&E system into the overall M&E framework of the WASH sector.

  15. Recommendations (ctd.) • Provide across-the-board capacity building for staff and implementing partners, including on social norms concepts and indicators. • Refine sustainability considerations regarding CATS, especially in terms of (a) durability of infrastructure and supply mechanisms as part of the enabling environment and (b) planning and making resources available for the post-certification period. • Take stock of pilots such as “CATS+” or “ODF+” that combine CATS with sanitation marketing and social policy approaches, learn lessons and develop further.

  16. Recommendations (ctd.) • Develop current M&E systems to capture (and demonstrate) sustainability of results, focusing on the post-certification period, by building on the Sustainability Check tool and social norms indicators, and ensuring longer-term funding for post-ODF phase. • Design and commission an impact evaluation to research the relationships between social norm adoption and the level of post-ODF support required in order to stabilize social norm adoption. • Develop a learning initiative to document and highlight good practices, share local innovations and tools and disseminate them at global level.

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