1. Nonflowering Plants

2. Plant Kingdom Flowering Plants Non-flowering Plants

3. Non - flowering Plants • Some plants don’t produce flowers and seeds. • Non-flowering plants such as ferns and mosses produce spores instead of seeds.

4. Spores • Spores are microscopic specks of living material. • Ferns produce their spores on the undersides of the leaves.

5. Spores

6. Examples of Mosses

7. Characteristics of Mosses • Mosses are some of the simplest plants with simple stems and leaves. • Mosses have spores which can be found inside a capsule. • The spores are dispersed by the wind.

8. Examples of Mosses spores

9. Examples of Ferns

10. Characteristics of Ferns • Ferns are plants that reproduce through spores which are found on the underside of leaves. • Ferns can be found in damp and shady places. • They have roots, feathery leaves, and underground stems.

11. Gymnosperms • Some plants don’t have flowers or spores. • Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds in cones.

12. Examples of Gymnosperms

13. Characteristics of Gymnosperms • Gymnosperms reproduce with cones. • They are tall evergreen trees with roots and a woody stem. • Gymnosperms have needle-shaped leaves. • They are usually found in dry places.