Chapter 10 & 18.1 Review BINGO!

1. Chapter 10 & 18.1 Review BINGO! As each answer is revealed, mark your Bingo card with an X if you have the term. Five X’s in a row and your have BINGO = Bonus points!

2. God in the Arabic language. Allah Allah is considered by Muslims to be the same God of creation as Jews and Christians also believe in – Monotheism = 1 all powerful and omnipotent God.

3. The Last and Greatest of the Prophets – Founder of Islam. Muhammad Muhammad is considered the seal of the Prophets in the Old Testament tradition by Muslims because his word is the final word on the proper worship and will of God .

4. The language of the Koran. Arabic Arabic is the written language of the Arabs and still widely used today. It’s calligraphy is beautiful and a key form of Islamic art.

5. A center of learning – located in Baghdad ~800 A.D. House of Wisdom The House of Wisdom was much like a modern University where people of all faiths were encouraged to come and share their knowledge – this knowledge was written down and became a center of learning for centuries.

6. The Majority of Muslims today belong to this group – believing that one only needs to be a devout Muslim to become Caliph. Sunni The Sunni make up the vast majority of Muslims today with over 1 billion followers!

7. Christians and Jews were considered this by the Muslims. People of the Book Extended tolerance as believers of the same God, Jews and Christians did have to pay a non-believer tax.

8. The Ottoman system which used the Christian boys from conquered areas to train as elite warriors for the Empire. Devshirme The Devshirme system required the boys (ages 6-14) to convert to Islam and be trained in the arts of war until graduation in their 20s. They could earn high rank and status if they performed well.

9. The First Caliph or “successor” to Muhammad. Abu Bakr Abu Bakr came to power in 632 and ruled for just 2 years – until his death in 634 but he established an important precedent – the use of Jihad or Holy War to spread Islam.

10. A Muslim church or place of worship. Mosque Muslims worship on Friday!

11. When the city of Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks. 1453 This event would change the direction of history by forcing Europeans to explore other ways of getting to the treasures of the East (Spices & luxury items from India and China) – leading to what would be called the Age of European Exploration

12. Means HOLY WAR! Jihad IMPRTANT: Jihad is interpretive – The meaning depends on the individual. It can mean a Muslim’s striving to do good – Allah’s message of doing good and serving your fellow man - but it can also be interpreted by RADICALS to mean that it is Allah’s Will to destroy non-believers (infidels) – this is the connection to TERRORISM that the world is dealing with today.

13. Means “submission to the will of Allah.” Islam Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world today with ~1.7 billion followers.

14. The Death of the Prophet Muhammad 632 A.D. Muhammad’s death sparked a crisis of succession – who would replace him? Should it be a blood relative as the followers of Ali wanted (these would become the Shi’a or Shiite Muslims) or any good leader chosen from among the community (as the Sunni wanted).

15. The followers of Ali: Believed that only the descendants of Muhammad could (blood relative) succeed him as Caliph. Shiite (Shi’a) The Shiites are the minority group of Muslims in the world today, making up about 20% of all Muslims but that is still MORE than the current population of the United States! (over 300 million).

16. The holy book of Islam. Koran (Qur’an) The Koran is written in Arabic and was revealed to Muhammad in Arabic, it is therefor believed that to read the literal words of Allah a Muslim must learn to read Arabic.

17. Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453 Mehmed II Mehmed II used cannons and a bombardment lasting 53 days to destroy the defensive walls of the city. The City was renamed Istanbul which is still the capital of modern day Turkey.

18. The duties that all Muslims must perform. The 5 Pillars The 5 Pillars include: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, & Pilgrimage (Hajj),

19. The 3rd most holy site in all of Islam. The Dome of the Rock Located in Jerusalem the Dome of Rock is said to be the place where Muhammad ascended into heaven to commune with Allah and returned to spread His word. But its also said to be the monument to the military victories of the Muslims over the groups that previously controlled the region – the Jews and Christians of the Byzantine Empire.

20. Commonly known as Islamic law – this code of law guides all the actions of its followers. Shariah Sharia Law is God’s Law for believers and therefore above man’s law. It has been used for over 1,000 years by many countries as a basis for governing. Modern examples include Iran (in SW Asia) and Sudan (in Africa)

21. Means: “One who submits.” Muslim A person who is devoted to the Islamic faith, a Muslim believes in submission or giving up your will for the will of Allah (what God wants you to do).

22. Symbol of Muhammad’s triumph (victory) over the pagan gods of Arabia! Kaaba The Kaaba (Ka’aba) was a pilgrimage shrine in Mecca that attracted pagan (polytheistic) pilgrims from around Arabia. It was a zone of peace where no tribal warfare was permitted and so a perfect place for business to thrive. When Muhammad conquered Mecca in 630 A.D. he destroyed the pagan gods of the Kaaba and turned it into a monument of Allah’s Superiority.

23. The holiest city in the Islamic World? Mecca Mecca was not always the center of Islam but it’s Kaaba was a pilgrimage site even before Muhammad. Pilgrims would come from all over Arabia to make a sacrifice at the Mecca’s Kaaba and then shop in Mecca’s markets.

24. The city of the Prophet. Medina Medina starts out Yathrib, in Arabia, but in 622 its leaders invite Muhammad to come there and settle some disputes between the local tribes as Muhammad was known as a great negotiator. Soon after Muhammad becomes their leader and 622 is marked as the Muslim Year 1.

25. Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. Hijrah (Hejrah) The Hejrah is considered the key turning point in Islam because Yathrib (Medina) was a safe haven for Muhammad where he began to grow in strength by gaining many new followers.

26. The first 4 Caliphs. Rightly Guided Caliphs The Rightly Guided were “elected” by the elders/tribal leaders of Arabia – they were not necessarily blood relatives – although the 4th was (Ali) A Caliph is a “successor to Muhammad” and rules the Caliphate – so a Caliph is like a King ruling a Kingdome!

27. The first Muslim Dynasty, came to power after Ali (Muhammad’s Cousin) was assassinated and won a Civil War. Umayyads Ruled from 661-750 A.D. It was criticized for abusing the position of Caliph and using the power to live in luxury. Power was passed from father to son (a Dynasty). It was a Umayyad Caliph that built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 691 – considered the 3rd most holy place in Islam.

28. Warriors of Islam. Ghazis The nomadic Turks were organized under chiefs called emirs who saw themselves as into military societies and followed a strict Islamic code of conduct.

29. The elite warriors and personal guards of the sultan Janissary The Janissaries numbered 30,00 and were trained to be loyal to the sultan only. They were the heart of the Ottoman War machine

30. Known for his simplification of the code of laws for the Ottoman Empire. Suleyman (Suleiman) Suleiman was one of the strongest absolute rulers of the 1500s.

31. A scientific instrument invented by Muslim to measure the angle of the stars and determine your Latitude on the earth. Astrolabe The Astrolabe was a necessary invention for Muslims to be able to go on Hajj –their required pilgrimage to Mecca.

32. The capital of the Abbassid dynasty. Baghdad Baghdad was build to be the center of the Abbassid Empire. It would reach a huge population of 1 million. It would eventually be burned to the ground by the Mongols who destroyed the city as part of the Mongol conquests of the 13th century.

33. Overlord of the Ottomans. Sultan The Sultan was an Absolute Ruler – had total centralized power and ran the empire through an efficient bureaucracy.

34. The followers of Osman who would develop into one of the largest and most powerful Islamic Empires in history. Ottomans Osman started his rule in 1300 and his descendants would build his empire through conquest, negotiation, and alliances.

35. Famous literature of the Golden Age of Islam The Thousand and One Nights This work of literature contains many stories we would recognize today such as Alladin.

36. Muslim Explorer who “never stepped in the same footsteps twice and wrote about his adventures crossing the Sahara visiting Timbuktu. Ibn Battuta

37. Mali Emperor known as the “Lord of the Mines,” richest man in history, sponsored education in Timbuktu Mansa Musa