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Causes of the French Revolution

Causes of the French Revolution. Comparing Two Revolutions. Compared with the American Revolution, the French Revolution was more: Complex Bloody Radical It tried to create both a new Political Order and a new Social Order.

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Causes of the French Revolution

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  1. Causes of the French Revolution

  2. Comparing Two Revolutions • Compared with the American Revolution, the French Revolution was more: • Complex • Bloody • Radical • It tried to create both a new Political Order and a new Social Order http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/usstates/aaposter/njdelaware.jpg, http://rosenblumtv.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/french-revolution-2.jpg

  3. Causes for a Revolution • Inequality between the Three Estates • Financial Crisis • Bad harvest in 1787-88 • Food shortages • Rising food prices • Unemployment • Gov. continued to spend $ on costly wars (helping the American colonies against Britain) and luxuries • Weak Ruler: Luis XVI • Louis XVI was forced to call the Estates at National Assembly to raise new taxes http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NE-72ZXux-g/SnvhUwKEJII/AAAAAAAAKbo/J01PRtrlFQA/s400/3_estates_cartoon.jpg, http://ferdyonfilms.com/marie_antoinette_screen1_large.jpg

  4. French Society Divided into 3 Estates Who made up the 3 estates?

  5. French Society Divided into 3 Estates Where would you place the absolute Monarch?

  6. French Society Divided into 3 Estates Which group did King Louis XVI Tax?

  7. French Society Divided into 3 Estates Freedom of speech. Voltaire People have rights. Separate the power. Montesquieu Locke How did the enlightenment thinkers influence the French Revolution?

  8. King Louis XVI • Huge debt from the Louis XIV’s Palace of Versailles • Absolute Monarch • Weak ruler

  9. From Estates-General to National Assembly • 1st Estate = 300 delegates • 2nd Estate = 300 delegates • 3rd Estates = 600 (Wanted fair taxes) • Problem: each Estate only had 1 vote. The 3rd Estate wanted each delegate to have 1 each but the king wouldn’t change the system http://sw-nap.tripod.com/Image55.gif

  10. Just give me the taxes

  11. June, 1789, the 3rd Estate moved to called itself the “National Assembly” and decided to draft a constitution • Three days later they made the Tennis Court Oath Tennis Court Oath: Swore to not stop meeting until they made a just Constitution http://teachers.ausd.net/antilla/frrevimages.html

  12. Storming the Bastille The Colonne de Juillet dominates la Place de la Bastille. In the subway station beneath the square, stones from the Bastille's foundation can still be seen. • Louis XVI was prepared to use force against the 3rd Estate • But on July 14, 1789 an angry mob stormed the Bastille, dismantled it brick by brick, cut off the head of the garrison leader and marched it through the streets - Paris was abandoned to rebels and the French Revolution had begun. http://holf.org/guild/drupal1/sites/default/files/images/bastille_0.jpg http://www.paris.org/Monuments/Bastille/gifs/bastille.jpg

  13. Help?

  14. Revolution broke out all over France because of a growing hatred of the entire feudal system • The Great Fear caused a vast panic to spread all over France in the Summer of 1789

  15. National Assembly’s Next Move • Abolish the financial privilege of nobles and clergy • Write the Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression • freedom and equality for all men • public office based on talents • an end to tax exemptions http://bastille-day.com/history/French-Revolution

  16. Olympe de Gouges • Refused to accept the exemption of women from political rights • Penned a Declaration of the Rights Woman and Female Citizens • National Assembly ignored her demands • www.linternaute.com/...8.shtml

  17. Women’s March to Versailles • On October 4, 1789, a crowd of women demanding the crown for their families marched toward Versailles, arriving soaking wet from the rain. They demanded to see "the Baker," "the Baker's wife," and "the Baker's boy". • The King agreed to meet with some of the women and promised to distribute all the bread in Versailles to the crowd. The arrival of the National Guard complicated things for the King. • From his balcony he address the people. "My friends," he said, "I will go to Paris with my wife and my children." It was a deadly mistake. It was the last time the King saw Versailles. http://www.historywiz.com/womensmarch.htm

  18. New Reforms • Limited monarchy = there would still be a king but the Legislative Assembly would make the laws

  19. http://www.photographersdirect.com/buyers/stockphoto.asp?imageid=2282791http://www.photographersdirect.com/buyers/stockphoto.asp?imageid=2282791 • Problems: • everyone was hurt by a rising cost of living • Radicals wanted more violent solutions • Louis XVI attempted flee France • Legislative Assembly declared war with Austria….and lost

  20. Rise of the Paris Commune • Jacobins = Violent, Radical • The Jacobins organized a mob attack on the royal palace • The King was taken captive • National Convention takes over http://www.powellhistory.com/art/Painting/French_Revolution-1792-8-10_Paris_Commune.jpg

  21. The Move to Radicalism George Danton & Maximilien Robespierre “The Incorruptible” • http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/George_Danton/

  22. Execution of Louis XVI -September 21, 1792 the first major act of the National Convention was to abolish the monarchy -the Jacobins led the charge, on January 21, 1791 Louis XVI was executed by the Guillotine. • http://www.tpl.edu.ee/yelekoolilised/suur-prantsuse/louis16-execution.jpg • www.uoregon.edu/.../WesternCiv102/102Week10.html

  23. Ok lets talk! Too late!

  24. Execution of Marie Antoinette 1793 October 14: Marie Antoinette is put on trial on charges ranging from treason to Pillaging, the dauphin. October 15: Before nine male judges, Marie Antoinette is found guilty on all counts, which unanimously condemns her to death October 16th: Marie Antoinette is executed by guillotine. • http://filipspagnoli.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/marie_antoinette_execution.jpg

  25. The Republic of Virtue The Committee of Public of Safety sought to create a new order • provide primary security, set price limits on necessary goods, slavery was abolished in the colonies • The titles of “___________” and “________” were replaced by “citizen” and “citizeness”

  26. A Nation at Arms • France was threatened by external forces • Committee of Public Safety mobilized the nation, by Sep 1994 it was over _____________…largest seen in European history • Pushed the enemy back and conquered Austria & Netherlands • Big step in the creation of modern nationalism, this army was a creation of the people’s government

  27. End of the Terror Robespierre became obsessed with ridding France or all its corrupt enemies but.. • The Reign of Terror ends with the fall of Robespierre on July 27, 1794. The Convention charges Robespierre with crimes against the people . He is accused, condemned, and guillotined within 3 days. http://popartmachine.com/item/pop_art/LOC+1124640/THE-INTERROGATION-OF-ROBESPIERRE-ON-THE-MORNING-OF-THE-TENTH...

  28. www.uoregon.edu/.../WesternCiv102/102Week10.html

  29. The Directory (1795-1799) • Composed of an upper house (Council of Elder) lower house (Council of 500) and led by 5 directors • Was an era of corruption • Royalist wanted a king back • They were still carrying on wars • They relied on the ___________ to maintain power • In 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte led a successful __________against the Directory http://victoriancircle.blogspot.com/2010/06/napoleon.html

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