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UNIT 7:. CHAPTER 23: 1920’S COPING WITH CHANGE 1920-1929. DAILY SPARK MONDAY FEB. 19 TH. 4 NEED TO MAKE UP THE IN CLASS ESSAY FROM UNIT 6 BY FRIDAY. PAY ATTENTION TO PACING GUIDE. LET’S BEGIN THE 1920’S. INTRO TO 1920’S CLIP. THE ROARING TWENTIES.
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UNIT 7: CHAPTER 23: 1920’S COPING WITH CHANGE 1920-1929
DAILY SPARK MONDAY FEB. 19TH • 4 NEED TO MAKE UP THE IN CLASS ESSAY FROM UNIT 6 BY FRIDAY. • PAY ATTENTION TO PACING GUIDE. • LET’S BEGIN THE 1920’S
THE ROARING TWENTIES • Decade notable for obsessive interest in celebrities • Sex becomes an all-consuming topic of interest in popular entertainment • Eat, drink & be merry, for tomorrow we die • Return to normalcy • US turned inward---isolationism • Jazz Age • first modern era in the U.S.
NEW ECONOMIC ORDER • EC CHANGES INFLUENCE DECADE’S POLITICAL, SOCIAL & CULTURAL CLIMATE • RECESSION STRUCK IN 1920; RECOVERY IN 1922 • GROWTH OF CITIES & NEW CONSUMER GOODS LED THE CHASE
BOOMING BUSINESS • AUTOMOBILE FUELS BOOM • 1927 FORD INTROS MODEL A • GLOBAL IMPACT –EXP OF AM MARKETS OVERSEAS • FORDNEY-MCCUMBER TARIFF 1922 & SMOOT HAWLEY TARIFF 1920 PUSHED U.S. IMPORT DUTIES TO ALL TIME HIGH
BOOM WASN’T FOR ALL • WAGE RATES ON RISE HOWEVER REGIONAL DIFFERENCES SHOWED INEQUITIES • N VS S HUGE DESCREPANCY • AF AM “LAST HIRED & FIRST FIRED” • FARMERS NO PROFIT CYCLE
PRODUCING, MANAGING, & SELLING • INC. PRODUCTIVITY • ASSEMBLY LINE WORK • MASS-PRODUCTION • FORDISM—WATCH CLIP ON FORD • RISE OF CORPORATE GIANTS SUCH AS FORD, GM, CHRYSLER, GE & WESTINGHOUSE
The Second Industrial Revolution • U.S. develops the highest standard of living in the world • The twenties and the second revolution • electricity replaces steam • Henry Ford’s modern assembly line introduced • Rise of the airline industry • Modern appliances and conveniences begin to change American society
WOMEN IN THIS NEW ERA • WOMEN FACED WAGE DISCRIMINATION • WEAKENING OF LABOR MOVEMENT HURT THEIR CAUSE • 2M WOMEN SERVED AS SECRETARIES, TYPISTS,,,,,NOT HIGHER RANKS • COLLEGE DEGREE WOMEN NURSING, LIBRARIANS, & TEACHING
STRUGGLING LABOR UNIONS • ORGANIZED LABOR DOWN IN MSHIP 5M TO 3.4 1920-1929 • FACTORS: 1. INC. WAGES DETERRED DESIRE TO JOIN UNIONS 2. NEW MASS PROD FACTORIES DID NOT UNIONIZE 3. MGMT HOSTILITIES
AGENDA TUESDAY FEB. 20TH • CH. 23 TERMS & QUIZ FRIDAY FEB. 23RD • LET’S RESUME OUR CH. 23 NOTES • DON’T FORGET ESSAY UNIT 6— DALTON, SELENA, & DANIEL BY FRIDAY
Republican Policies • Return to "normalcy" • tariffs raised • corporate, income taxes cut • spending cuts • Government-business cooperation • “The business of government, is business” • Return to “isolation”
The 1920 Election Wilson’s idealism and Treaty of Versailles led many Americans to vote for the Republican, Warren Harding… US turned inward and feared anything that was European…
The 1920 Election The Ohio Gang: President Warren Harding (front row, third from right), Vice-President Calvin Coolidge (front row, second from right), and members of the cabinet.
TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL • Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall leased naval reserve oil land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny • Fall had received a bribe of $100,000 from Doheny and about three times that amount from Sinclair. • Fall found guilty of taking a bribe. • Sinclair and Doheny were acquitted of charges.
Political Cartoons: The Teapot Dome Scandal ANALYZE Analyze: Political Cartoons: The Teapot Dome Scandal
WARREN G. HARDING • SHARE QUOTE PG. 703 “EDITED” VERSION • JULY 1923 WHILE ON VACATION –WGH HEART ATTACK; LATER DIES AUG. 2, 1923 • VP COOLIDGE TAKE OVER • FATHER SWEARS HIM IN; LOCAL MAGISTRATE
The 1924 Election • Calvin Coolidge served as President from 1923 to 1929. • “Silent Cal”. • Republican president • BIO CLIP ON COOLIDGE
REPUBLICAN FISCAL PROGRAM REPUBLICAN ECONOMY SUPPORTED LAISSEZ FAIRE AND BIG BUSINESS………. $ = + + Lower Taxes Less Federal Higher Strong Spending Tariffs National Economy Fordney-McCumber Tariff---1923Hawley-Smoot Tariff ---1930 raised the tariff to an unbelievable 60%!!!
INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONALISM APPROACH BY REP. ADMIN DURING 1920’S DANGEROUS NAVAL ARMS RACE WAS ON WASHINGTON NAVAL ARMS CONFERENCE 1921 SEC. OF STATE HUGHES
Kellog Briand Pact The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for outlawing war as an “an instrument of national policy,” and was further notable for the following: • The pact was signed in August 1928 by 15 nations. • In the following months, more than 60 countries joined in this renunciation of war. • The U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee studied the matter and issued a report that maintained that the pact did not impair the nation’s ability to act to protect the Monroe Doctrine. US Senate ratified this treaty.
Kellog Briand Pact Additional countries which join by July 24, 1929. Persia, July 2, 1929; Greece, August 3, 1929; Honduras, August 6, 1929; Chile, August 12, 1929; Luxemburg August 14, 1929; Danzig, September 11, 1929; Costa Rica, October 1, 1929; Venezuela, October 24, 1929.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 • 15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes. • Problem no way of enforcement.
Kellog Briand Pact The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for outlawing war as an “an instrument of national policy,” and was further notable for the following: Major problems with this treaty No enforcement mechanism was provided for changing the behavior of warring signatories. The agreement was interpreted by most of the signatories to permit “defensive” war. No expiration date was provided. No provision existed for amending the agreement was included.
MASS SOCIETY, MASS CULTURE • CITIES, CARS, & CONSUMER GOODS • URBAN LIFE AFFECTED AF AM VIA MIGRATION TOWARD CITIES • CITY LIFE ON WOMEN EASED HOUSEWORK—APPLIANCES, STORE BOUGHT CLOTHES & FOODS
EFFECTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE • POSITIVES: UNITY, TOURISM, MODE OF TRANSP., PERSONAL EMPOWERMENT, LESSENED RURAL ISOLATION, STANDARDIZED AMERICA • NEGATIVES: TRAFFIC, PARKING, HIGHWAY FATALITIES, EXPENSIVE FOR MANY AMERICANS
ENVIRONMENT THREATENED • NEED TO BALANCE PRESERVATIONIST ETHIC & VACATION MINDED LEISURE CULTURE OF 20’S
MASS-PRODUCED ENTERTAINMENT • MASS CIRCULATION MAGAZINES SUCH AS SATURDAY EVENING POST
RADIO • Westinghouse Radio Station KDKA was a world pioneer of commercial radio broadcasting. • Transmitted 100 watts on a wavelength of 360 meters. • KDKA first broadcast was the Harding-Cox Presidential election returns on November 2, 1920. • 220 stations eighteen months after KDKA took the plunge. • $50 to $150 for first radios • 3,000,000 homes had them by 1922.
RADIO • Radio sets, parts and accessories brought in $60 million in 1922… • $136 million in 1923 • $852 million in 1929 • Radio reached into every third home in its first decade. • Listening audience was 50,000,000 by 1925
AGENDA WED. FEB. 21ST • CHECK FOR YOUR NTI PACKET 9 PLEASE—WILL BE DUE NEXT WEDNESDAY • CH. 23 TERMS & QUIZ MOVED TO MOND. FEB. 26TH • ESSAYS BY THURSDAY PLEASE
AMERICA GOES TO THE MOVIES • STARS SUCH AS RUDOPH VALENTINO & “AMERICA’S SWEETHEART” MARY PICKFORD • FIRST TALKIE: “THE JAZZ SINGER” • STEAMBOAT WILLIE BY WALT DISNEY
CELEBRITY CULTURE CLIP
