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Learn about the Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, and its aftermath following World War I. Explore Wilson's Fourteen Points, the League of Nations, territorial divisions, economic repercussions, and the lasting consequences, including the high cost and casualties of the war.
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January 18, 1919 powers (27) met at Versailles. Big Four: Woodrow Wilson (US), Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (UK), Vittorio Orlando (Italy). Peace Plans
Listed his Fourteen Points while war being fought. Basic goals included: end to treaties, freedom of trade/seas, reduced militarism, colonial changes, border changes, AND “Association of Nations” to give all nations integrity and independence. Wilson’s Plans
France+UK wanted to punish and were concerned w/ nat. security (German power). Wilson wanted peace. Signed Treaty June 28, 1919 Established? League of Nations to keep peace. Allies members of Executive Council. Collective Security Germany punished. Reparations, territories taken. Restrictions on trade. Treaty of Versailles
New Countries • Ottoman divided up: • Britain: Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan • France: Syria, Lebanon • Austro-Hungarian Empire divided into four countries. • Russia gives away land under new pressure and revolution
Problems with Treaty • U.S. rejected treaty. Citizens wanted out of Euro. problems. • German resentment of wording • War Guilt Clause • Mandated territories and hypocrisy of self-determination=colonialism • Some allies not happy. “Peace built on quicksand”
Cost over 300 billion dollars, not counting damage to land, horrors of war, etc. Casualties Legacy of War