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Fractures and Bone Disease

Fractures and Bone Disease. What bone(s) have you fractured?. Bone Humour. Types of Fractures. Simple fracture Compound fracture Comminuted fracture Stress fracture. Simple Fractures. - No separation of the bone into parts - A break or crack is detectable.

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Fractures and Bone Disease

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  1. Fractures and Bone Disease What bone(s) have you fractured?

  2. Bone Humour

  3. Types of Fractures Simple fracture Compound fracture Comminuted fracture Stress fracture

  4. Simple Fractures - No separation of the bone into parts - A break or crack is detectable. -a.k.a. hairline or greenstick fracture

  5. Compound Fractures - Occurs when the bone breaks into separate pieces. - The bone can be exposed through skin. - aka “Open fracture” or “transverse fracture”

  6. Comminuted Fractures - Occurs when the broken ends of the bone shatters into many pieces

  7. What kind of fracture is this?

  8. What kind of fracture is this?

  9. Stress Fractures • Most common in sport. • Muscles become too fatigued to absorb shock therefore, stress is placed on the bone. • Bone develops a tiny crack or stress fracture.

  10. Stress Fractures Causes: • Change in playing surface. • Poor footwear. • Unusual or repeated stress. Cure: • Rest: 6-8 weeks with no activity. • Returning too soon may result in longer recovery times due to larger stress fracture development.

  11. Symptoms of a Fracture • Sharp pain and tenderness. • Swelling. • Discolouration of skin. • Grating or grinding movement.

  12. Bone Healing • Bones heal by rebuilding themselves in the same way that they grow – Remember?…if not look at the next slide… • Complications occur when there is an infection at the site or if the bone repairs itself but is misaligned – needs to be broken and realigned.

  13. Bone Disease Range from problems related to: • Abnormal stress on bones • Problems of metabolism and growth • Infectious organisms and tumours • Heredity

  14. Bone Disease Osteomyelitis Infectious organisms (including tumours) that attack the bone and compromise strength.

  15. Bone Disease Rickets = Deficient mineralization in children. Bone growth and repair are compromised. Osteomalacia = Same as rickets but for adults. Hypophosphatasia = Inherited enzyme deficiency.

  16. Bone Disease Osteogenesis Imperfecta Connective tissue (periosteum) is affected -aka “brittle bone” disease -hereditary

  17. Bone Disease Kyphosis: Stooped posture caused by collapsed vertebrae in elderly.

  18. Bones and Aging… • Osteoporosis = Porous bones. • Degenerative condition that involves low bone mass and deterioration of bones. • Post-menopausal women > Risk. • Increase susceptibility to bone fracture – especially in hip, spine and wrist.

  19. Osteoporosis…

  20. Preventing Osteoporosis Building strong bones during childhood and adolescence is the best defense. • A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. • Weight bearing exercise. • A healthy lifestyle – no smoking or excessive alcohol. • Bone density testing and medication when appropriate. * There is still no cure for Osteoporosis *

  21. Ouch!!!

  22. Anatomical Terminology • Layman Terminology: Samantha has broken the bottom of her arm. • Anatomical Terminology: Samantha has fractured the distal aspect of her humerus.

  23. Anatomical Terminology • Layman Terminology: This x-ray is a front view of the collarbone. • Anatomical Terminology: This x-ray is an anterior view of the clavicle.

  24. Anatomical Terminology • Layman Terminology: This is a side view of the athlete bending and straightening his ankle. • Anatomical Terminology: This is a sagittal view of the athlete dorsiflexing and plantar flexing the ankle.

  25. Anatomical Terminology • Layman Terminology: This is a cross-section of the upper part of the thigh bone. • Anatomical Terminology: This is a transverse view of the proximal aspect of the femur.

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