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Japan. Japan’s Location Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun” Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea 500 miles of water separate it from China Geography of Japan Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago The largest Island is Honshu
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Japan’s Location Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun” Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea 500 miles of water separate it from China Geography of Japan Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago The largest Island is Honshu Varied climate, but little land for farming The first culture will arise on the Yamato Plain The Growth of Japanese Civilization
Early Japan The earliest people were found around 57AD They were thought to be from the Korean Peninsula The Growth of Japanese Civilization
Found originally around 30,000 BC Jomon literally means “cord people’ This was due to the type of art they made The first people were Nomads Had exquisite Art techniques The art should have not been able to be made until centuries later Factors that will help the rise of civilization Global Warming Development of Complex Cities The Jomon
Displaced immigrants from Korea and China They brought the technology of Bronze, Iron and Shinto with them Permanently destroy the way of life of the Jomon Developed clans Clans vs. Tribes The Yayoi
Many different clans worshipped own gods This early religion later called Shinto—“the way of the gods” Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature, ancestors, and kami Kami—divine spirits dwelling in nature: tree, rock, waterfall Shinto
Their clan will grow in power and eventually take over the islands Will be noted for Kofun or mound tombs They develop the earliest Japanese State The Yamato The Paekche (Chinese) will want an alliance and for this they provide some new imports including, writing, Confucianism, and Buddhism Yamato
Yamato Period: 300-710 Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture: • Confucianism. • Language (kanji characters). • Buddhist sects. • Chinese art & architecture. • Government structure. “Great Kings” era
Buddhism in Japan Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from contact with Korea Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with Shinto practices Cultural Borrowing from China Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in Japan as result Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of everyday living Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system Japanese Culture
Will rule the Yamato as regent Will eventually take power Decides that the Chinese are doing right and adopts almost all Chinese policies Takes the Name of Tenno ( which means heavenly emperor) Prince Shotoku: 573-621
Prince Shotoku: 573-621 • Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism. • Buddhist sects allowed to develop. • Created a new government structure: • 17 Article Constitution in 604. First form of Japanese writing
Heian Period: 794-1156 Characteristics: • Growth of large landed estates. • Arts & literature of China flourished. • Elaborate court life highly refined • ETIQUETTE. • Personal diaries • The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon 10c • Great novel • The Tale of Genjiby Lady Murasaki Shikibu1000 pgs. • Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.
Heian Period:Cultural Borrowing • Chinese writing. • Chinese artistic styles. • Buddhism in the form of ZEN. • BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!
Lady Murasaki Shikibu She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.
Feudal Japan
Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society
Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.Japan: Shogun Land - Shoen Loyalty Land - Shoen Daimyo Daimyo Loyalty Samurai Samurai Samurai Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant
Code of Bushido • Fidelity • Politeness • Virility • Simplicity
Seppuku: Ritual Suicide It is honorable to die in this way. Kaishaku – his “seconds”
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right) A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince
Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe: King Land - Fief Loyalty Land - Fief Lord Lord Loyalty Knight Knight Knight Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant
Code of Chivalry • Justice • Loyalty • Defense • Courage • Faith • Humility • Nobility
Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior
Medieval Warriors vs. Samurai Armor Knight’s Armor
Zen Buddhism • A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China. • It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.
Mongol“Invasions”of Japan 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikazekamikaze winds stopped them.
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 • Shogunsfought for power. • Laws are unclear. • Less efficient than the Kamakura. • Armies of samurai protected the country.
R O E N S
The Age of the Warring States:(1467 - 1568) • Castles built on hills in different provinces. • Power shifts from above to below. • Europeans arrive in Japan bringing firearms & Christianity. • Christianity & foreign trade flourish.
