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Understanding Population Dynamics in Ecosystems

This informative guide explores the factors influencing population size in ecosystems, including births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. Discover the impact of limiting factors such as competition, predation, parasitism, and climate extremes on population growth. Delve into density-dependent and density-independent factors affecting population dynamics. Gain insights into the delicate balance of ecosystem populations and the effects of various environmental conditions.

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Understanding Population Dynamics in Ecosystems

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  1. Bell Ringer: • 3 Factors that affect population size: • Number of Births • Number of Deaths • Number of individuals entering or leaving a population (immigration vs. emigration) • Increase: births and immigration • Decrease: deaths and emigration

  2. Limits to GrowthSection 5-2 Flora

  3. Limits to Growth • Limiting Factor – factor that causes population growth to decrease • Ex: • Competition • Predation • Parasitism • Human disturbances • Climate Extremes

  4. Types of Factors • Density-dependent • Density-independent

  5. Density-Dependent Factors • DDLF – limiting factor that depends on population size • These factors become limiting only when the population density reaches a certain level • Usually occurs when population is large and dense • Ex: competition, predation, parasitism, disease

  6. Competition • Can occur within species or between different species • More individuals leads to depleted resources • Less individuals leads to less competition

  7. Predation • Populations are often controlled by predation • Predator prey relationships – mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation • Ex: page 126; figure 5-7

  8. Parasitism and Disease • Organisms are similar to predators • Take nourishment at the expense of their hosts

  9. Density-Independent Factors • Affect all populations in similar ways regardless of population size • Ex: • Weather • Natural disaster • Season cycles • Human activities ** Populations often show rapid declines in these situations

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