Rear Admiral Sinclair M. Harris Commander , U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command

1. U.S. Navy Support to Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response (HA/DR) Rear Admiral Sinclair M. Harris Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command Commander, U.S. FOURTH Fleet December 4, 2012

2. The Problem

3. US Military Responses to HA/DR HURRICANE KATRINA, 2005 Operation SHINING HOPE, Kosovo & Albania, 1999 Berlin Airlift,1948 Martinique and St. Vincent 1902 Pakistan, 2005, 2011 Operation SEA ANGEL, Bangladesh, 1991 Operation Tomodachi 2011 Operation ATLAS RESPONSE, Maputo, Mozambique, 2000 Haiti, 2010 Operations PROVIDE COMFORT I and II, 1991-1996 HURRICANE SANDY, 2012 Operation SUPPORT HOPE, Rwanda, 1994 Operation IDA Iran, 1962 Operation ASSURED DELIVERY, Republic of Georgia, 2008 Operation UNIFIED ASSISTANCE, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, 2005 Operation FUERTO APOYO, Central America, 1998

4. World Wide Disasters Comparisons

5. Things To Know • Joint /US Navy Playbooks • Operational Design • Operation Unified Response (Haiti) • Key Points • Partners • Situational Awareness • Collaboration/Coordination • Unity of Effort • Command Threads From 1970-2012, U.S. forces were involved in almost 400 humanitarian missions

6. Joint / U.S. Navy Playbooks Humanitarian assistance/disaster response (HA/DR) is a core capability.

7. Operational DesignPhased Operations Phase I (Emergency Response) Phase II (Tailored Capabilities) Phase III (Restoration) Mitigate Suffering Meet Basic Needs Immediate Lifesaving USN Restoration Assistance Long-Term Engagement U.S. Navy Response

8. OPERATION UNIFIED RESPONSE Port au Prince Haiti South Pier collapsed North Pier sunk • Port = critical infrastructure • Severely damaged • Airport not able to sustain delivery of aid • Detailed port assessment needed to: • Avoid hazards • Prepare site for expeditionary offload • Repair facility Pier damaged Cars & containers in harbor Vast majority of the world’s population live within a few hundred miles of the ocean. Bulk of capabilities and supplies that ultimately sustained relief effort were delivered by sea. Airplanes at International Airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, sit parked prior to being offloaded in support of earthquake relief efforts 17 Jan 2010.

9. OPERATION UNIFIED RESPONSE U.S. Navy Response USNS HENSON (T-AGS) USNS JACK LUMMUS (T-AK) SACAGAWEA (T-AKE) NASSAU ARG with 24 MEU: NASSAU (LHD) MESA VERDE (LPD) ASHLAND (LSD) CAPE MAY (T-AKR) USNS PFC DEWAYNE WILLIAMS (T-AK) HUAKAI (MV) USNS BIG HORN (T-AO) CORNHUSKER STATE (T-ACS) LEWIS AND CLARK (T-AKE) P-3s E-2s Predators Guantanamo Bay (Cuba): Joint Logistics Hub (CTF 48) VINSON (CVN) USNS COMFORT (T-AH) NORMANDY (CG) BUNKER HILL (CG) HIGGINS (DDG) UNDERWOOD (FFG) USNS GRASP (T-ARS) BATAAN ARG with 22 MEU: BATAAN (LHD) FORT MCHENRY (LSD) CARTER HALL (LSD) GUNSTON HALL (LSD) Civil Affairs, Security, Logistics Support, Seabees, Combat Camera, Navy Divers Engineers JTF Port Opening (CTF 42) Largest Humanitarian Response Mission in U.S. Navy History: 14,000 Sailors, 23 ships, 89 aircraft

10. OPERATION UNIFIED RESPONSE Partner Navy Response ATHABASKAN (DDG, Canada) LARGS BAY (LSD, UK) CARTAGENA DE INDIAS (AUX, COL) HUASTECO (Aux, Mexico) USUMACINTA (LST, Mexico) CASTILLA (LPD, Spain) BUENAVENTURA (Aux, COL) ESEQUIBO (LST, VEN) PAPALOAPAN (LST, Mexico) CAVOUR (CVH, Italy) CAPANA (LST, VEN) ADMIRANTE SABOIA (LST, Brazil) ZAPOTECO (Aux, Mexico) TARASCO (Aux, Mexico) HALIFAX (FF, Canada) SIROCO (LPD, France) Part of a Larger International Response UNCLAS

11. Partners Key Point #1 Department of State USAID The Partners World Food Programme Partner Military

12. Situational Awareness Key Point #2 • Must rapidly determine: • Extent of damage (civilian commercial partners) • Google satellite imagery • Aid workers, host nation reports • Cell phone pictures • Status of logistics hubs • Lines of communication • Location of suffering • Best distribution points • Must also know: • Who contributing what aid • When relief supplies coming • What conveyance • Partner capabilities / needs Awareness helps define requirements and priorities to enable flow of manpower and supplies

13. HADR operations underscore importance of collaboration Non-classified info-sharing networks All Partner Access Network (APAN) InRelief.org web portal Bridge-bridge between ship captains Phone/e-mail between liaison officers and headquarters Social networking media allowing anyone to upload info in real-time Blackberry, cell phones, radios ashore Collaboration/Coordination Key Point #3 Militaries do not need to control flow, but must be able to inject and extract from central info hubs at will

14. Value of regional military interactions Public-Private Partnerships are important HADR operations require coordination and collaboration among many agencies, both governmental and nongovernmental with the military in a supporting role. During HADR operations unity of command may not be possible, but the requirement for unity of effort becomes paramount. Unity of Effort Key Point #4

15. Non-military government/civilian agencies and international organizations are the experts Know local laws and culture USAID is lead US agency for foreign disasters Neverhave enough helicopters Time is not on your side; rescues come early Uncertain environment Sheltering, food, fresh water and medical needs first wave It always takes longer than you expect / plan Utility restoration/roadwork are needed to transition Security and safety concerns both the serving and those being served Media and VIPs come early and need handling Common ThreadsSome things are always the same

16. Geography and demography dictate the nature of operations Effected nation’s capability and desire for help Casualties and displaced persons Metrics for assessing needs or success Language How the end is determined Operational environment How quickly Media and VIPs lose interest Personalities and experience of NGOs and other crisis responders Rules of engagement or rules for the use of force Common ThreadsSome things are not Relief OpArea Utapao Phuket Banda Aceh Epicenter Areas Affected by Tsunami 16

17. Questions?