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Task leader : CRES ITERG‘S PRESENTATION x.pages@iterg/ s.balhadere@iterg

Task leader : CRES ITERG‘S PRESENTATION x.pages@iterg.com/ s.balhadere@iterg.com. Crops2Industry “Non-food Crops-to-Industry schemes in EU27”. Content. Objectives Progress of work and results Status of deliverables & milestones Plans for the next 6 months. Objectives.

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Task leader : CRES ITERG‘S PRESENTATION x.pages@iterg/ s.balhadere@iterg

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  1. Task leader: CRESITERG‘S PRESENTATIONx.pages@iterg.com/s.balhadere@iterg.com Crops2Industry “Non-food Crops-to-Industry schemes in EU27”

  2. Content Objectives Progress of work and results Status of deliverables & milestones Plans for the next 6 months

  3. Objectives • WP1:Non-food crops (INF, ITERG, KEFI, HEMPFLAX, CHIMAR, NCPRI) Explore the potential of non-food crops, which can be domestically grown in EU27 countries, for selected industrial applications, namely oils, fibers, resins, pharmaceuticals and other specialty products. Task 1.1-Oil crops • WP3:Bio-based products (INF, ITERG, KEFI, HEMPFLAX, CHIMAR, NCPRI) Explore the potential and feasibility of the European industry to make high value biobased products from non-food crops and biotechnological routes. Task 3.1-Oil • WP7: Dissemination and support Actions(CRES, CHIMAR, KEFI, ITERG, HEMPFLAX) Develop a sound dissemination plan for distributing the information collected to targeted audience; provide a mechanism for bringing stakeholders together to force a coherent strategy for the promotion of bio-based products in Europe and link with other relevant projects. Task 7.2-Thematic workshops

  4. ITERG progress of work : WP1 • WP1: Non-food crops (Task 1.1) Report structure ITERG will report on oil crops for liquid biofuels included Jatropha. and will provide elements for reporting of lubricant, solvent and base for detergent and polymers.

  5. Progress of work: WP1 • Sourcing 2)Redaction of reports of eachcrop 3) Validation and interview withexternalpartners (in progress) STEPS of work : • ITERG network : CETIOM, SYNGENTA, LINEA (linseed), VANDEPUTTE, CIRAD (Jatropha), LABOULET….. • ITERG’s Library • ITERG ‘s Data bases • External data bases (FSTA, Food Line, PASCAL, Food Navigator) • Web research • Patent survey and scientific and technologicalsurvey

  6. Contacts: manythanks !

  7. Results WP1: Linseed/flax(Linumusitatissium L.) Kingdom: Plantae-Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Siperdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta-Flowering plants Class:Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Order : Linales Family:Linaceae-Flax family Genus: Linum L-flax • Area of Origin: Europe • Environnemental requirement • Distribution in UE 27 Temperature: cool temperature (SOLIN, 2002) Soil and water needs: sensitive to seed bed conditions (SOLIN, 2002) Fertility management: requirements out of nitrogen weak and satisfied by the ground .culture adapted to sustainable development. (INRA, 2010) • Cultural practices (Institut technique du lin, 2010) Varieties “spring”: species sensitive to the conditions of ground and climate because brevity of its cycle. Varieties “winter”: definitely less sensitive thanks to the lengthening of the cycle. avoid the hydrous stresses of end of cycle.

  8. Harvesting Harvesting can be a major problem with linseed, particularly if the crop is late, incompletely desiccated or lodged. (SOLIN, 2002) To ensure the production of seeds of good quality imposes to the producers a strong attention and a great availability the moment of harvest.(Institut technique du lin, 2010) • World exchanges- production-Yield The request in the European Union is about 150,000 tons of oil per year, which represents 450,000 tons of seeds. (Rapport projet Granolin) European production: approximately 75 000 T, 4% of the world level England (50 000 T) and France (18 000 T): two larger producers in Europe.( Oil World, 2010) “France places itself at the top of the classification of yields with an average of 1.8 t/ha.”(Mathilde Carpentier, 2010)

  9. Composition fatty acids Uses Interest: siccativity paintings and other protective coatings, manufacture of the linoleum, printing ink, soaps, , resins; competition with edible oil (nutritional interest of n-3 fatty acid ) Research and perspectives (INRA, 2010) -NOVANOL-AMELIOFI (2006-2008) Many projects construction on molecular tools labellized by pôle IAR, GENOLIN et PT Flax -OLEOMA (ITERG)new varieties developed by LINEA - Canada=sequencing of seed flax in progress.

  10. Results:Calendula/pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Kingdom:Plantae– Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta– Vascular plants Superdivision:Spermatophyta– Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta– Flowering plants Class:Magnoliopsida– Dicotyledons Subclass: Asteridae Order: Asterales Family:Asteraceae– Aster family Genus: Calendula L.– marigold Species:Calendulaofficinalis L.– pot marigold • Area of Origin: Mediterranean area (Earle et al., 1964) and in western Asia. • Distribution in UE 27:grown widely across Europe • Environnemental requirement: Temperature : well adapted to temperate climatic zones in Europe Soil and water needs: seriously affected by competition for moisture, nutrients and sunlight, particularly in the period following emergence. Fertility management : recommandations: Nitrogen (N): 50-100 kg/ha Phosphate (P2O5): 25-75 kg/ha Potassium (K2O): 50-100 kg/ha Source: Report Carmina 2000

  11. Harvesting Indeterminant plant species (it produces flowers over an extended period), The optimum harvest date is difficult to determine, yet critical to achieve optimum seed yields, as seed shedding is an issue.Report Carmina 2000 Can be cultivated with machinery suitable for cereals.H.G. Breemhaar, A. Bouman, 1995 The crop should be kept fully weed-free to avoid reduced yields and harvesting problems. H.G. Breemhaar, A. Bouman, 1995 • Production-Yield At present, seed yields of 1000 to 1500 kg/ha are obtained on a farm scale, but with improved production systems are selected varieties it is believed yields could double, making it an attractive industrial oilseed crop for European farmers.Report Carmina 2000 Oil yield: 300 kg/ha Inform, Ursula Biermann, Werner Butte, Ralf Holtgrefe, Willi Feder and Jürgen O.Metzger, 2010

  12. Composition fatty acids Oil content: 18-22% Source: Ursula Biermann, Werner Butte, Ralf Holtgrefe, Willi Feder and Jürgen O.Metzger,, May 16-19 2010 • Uses calendic acid ≈ 60% Potential uses for calendic acid paint manufacture, varnishes, cosmetics and some industrial nylon products IENICA crops Database (2002) ; it may also have wound healing properties. coatings, paints and cosmetics (Muuse et al., 1992). “The chemical structure of calendic acid, containing three reactive conjugated ethylenic bonds and an octatrienoic acid isomer, makes it a potentially useful compound within industrial products and for chemical modification. Market opportunities have been identified for Calendula oil as an ingredient for the production of reactive diluents and oil based alkyd resins which are applied in high solid paints and as a substitute for Tung oil, which is currently imported into the UE”. Report Carmina 2000 Difficulties of dehulling and refining have been reported (CETIOM/ ITERG) • Research and perspectives Calendula genotypes investigated in the VOSFA program CARMINA is directed towards the development of the best technology to process speciality oil (Calendula oil) from seeds. Calendula officinalis is one of five species included in an European Community AIR project “Vegetable oils with specific fatty acids”, which commenced in 1994 on 2 years on the agronomic evaluation of the crop in north west Europe.

  13. Results:Jatropha(Jatrophacurcas L.) Kingdom:Plantae– Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta– Vascular plants Superdivision:Spermatophyta– Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta– Flowering plants Class:Magnoliopsida– Dicotyledons Subclass: Rosidae Order: Euphorbiales Family:Euphorbiaceae– Spurge family Genus: Jatropha L.– nettlespurge Species:Jatrophacurcas L.– Barbados nut • Area of Origin:. The source of J. curcas remains controversial, but it is highly probable that the centre of origin is Mexico and Central America (Wilbur, 1954; Aponte, 1978). • Environnemental requirement • Distribution: (Marjorie DMERGUE, Roland PIROT, CIRAD, 2008) Temperature : annual average temperature :11- 28°C, Optimal temperature:20 et 28°C. Very high temperatures can depress yields (Gour, 2006)

  14. Soil and water needs: highly adaptable species: very tolerant and thrives under a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. The plant resists to long periods of drought (7 to 8 months in Mali). Optimum rainfall : between 1 000 and 1500 mm (FACT, 2007), which corresponds to subhumid ecologies. Fertility management :on the island of Fogo, Müch (1986) : the plant never presented symptom of lack of elements nutritive and from of deduced that it has a particularly powerful system of absorption. • Harvesting Under conditions of a long rainy season, harvesting has to be done manually, because fruits are continuously ripening-a problem for any mechanical harvesting. Report Expert Meeting Jatropha, Brussels 07/12/07 The Brazilian authors (Saturnino and Al, 2005) announce a possibility of harvest mechanical using a vibrator, such as it is practiced for the olive-tree or the coffee-tree. This option could be considered if one manages to regroup maturity. • Production-Yield Because of the wild nature of the plant, productivity reports vary considerably from less than 100 kg to more than 10 000 kg of seeds per ha. Prof. Dr.K.BECKER, 2009

  15. Composition fatty acids Oil content: between 30 and 35%. • Uses Fuel (Biodiesel), Soap making, insecticide/molluscide, Medicinal uses See FAO/FIDA report « jatropha: a smallholder bioenergy crop the potential for Pro-poor development A MERIEN « better to grow TO in burkina » • Research and perspectives Current research issues : the search for elite (high production) J.curcas accessions, a search for agronomic optimizations and genetic improvement for specific locations. At the moment, there is no scientific evidence (available) for the existence and performance of elite (high producing) Research is not visible and not publicly available, but apparently owned by a few private companies who have no intention sharing it. Report Expert Meeting Jatropha, Brussels 07/12/07

  16. Results:Honestry(Lunariabiennis L.) Kingdom:Plantae– Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta– Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta– Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta– Flowering plants Class:Magnoliopsida– Dicotyledons Subclass: Dilleniidae Order: Capparales Family:Brassicaceae– Mustard family (alt. Cruciferae) Genus: Lunaria L.– lunaria Species:Lunariaannua L.– annual honesty • Area of Origin:. native of south east Europe and western Asia (Bailey 1949). It is now naturalized in many countries of Europe and North America as an ornamental flower and as a garden escape on waste land. Distribution in UE 27 • Environnemental requirement Temperature : well adapted to a temperate climate. required a cold temperature vernalisation period of at least 10 weeks at 5°C to induce maximum flower production (Pierik, 1967). Soil and water needs: Soil: rich Acidity : neutral Moisture : fresh Fertility management : No herbicides are yet recommended as completely crop-safe. The crop should ne easily combinable. (Ienica, 2010)

  17. Harvesting Date: Beginning of August. A good crop yields up to 1500 kg seeds per ha with an oil content of 32%. (data LabouletSemences, 2010) The crop can easily be threshed and harvested with a combine-harvester..(D. Mastebroek, H.J.P. Marvin, 2000) • Production-Yield Establishment of the biennalLunariaannua was difficult under the dry conditions of early summer but seed yield averaged 1.8 t/ha with a maximum yield of 2.9t/ha. (data LabouletSemences, 2010)

  18. Composition fatty acids The seed contains about 36% oil with an unusual distribution of fatty acids. 24% oleic acid (C18:1), 47% erucic acid (C22:1) and 21% nervonic acid (C24:1). >, consulté le 29/07/2010 Nicholls, F.H. 1996 and New crops in the UK: From concept to bottom line profits. p. 21-26. In: J. Janick (ed.), Progress in New Crops. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA., 2010)

  19. Uses The oil is suitable as lubricant. (Meier zu Beerentrup and Röbbelen, 1987; Van Soest, 1994). In addition, recent developments indicate that nervonic acid may be used as raw material for the production of a medicine against multiple sclerosis (Nicholls, 1996). • Research and perspectives 2 European project: DISFOLUB : “Development of industrial and ecological solutions for the formulation of grease, cutting oil and hydraulic answering the European environmental directives on the lubricants” , 2008. aims to work on the intrinsic properties of the vegetable lunaria oil allowing to introduce less emulgators and additives in the bio-lubricants. STANLUB: "Development of new bio-lubricants and coatings using standoils from linseed, castor and tung oils“, program CRAFT 6th PCRD, sincejuly 2004. Consortium: Technical center BFB OIL RESEARCH SA , VANDEPUTTE OLEOCHEMICALS S.A., BARALDI LUBRIFICANTI S.R.L, PEWAS SRO, ZEROWASTE et MOTUL, UNIKALO, TOYAL EUROPE SA , ITERG

  20. Results: Crambe (Crambe abyssinica L.) Kingdom: Plantae– Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta– Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta– Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta– Flowering plants Class: Magnoliopsida– Dicotyledons Order: Capparales Family:Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae) tribe: Brassiceae. Genus: Crambe L. Species: abyssinica • Area of Origin: Ethiopia, Turko-Iranian area of S.W. Asia • Environnemental requirement (Ienica, 2004,), CRAMBE ,Abyssinian mustard), 2005 • Distribution in UE 27: Temperature : considered as drought-tolerant (depends on the variety) This quality also can be enhanced by genetic selection (Castaneda, 1983). temperature range of 15-25°C over the main vegetative period. Soil and water needs: Crambe will grow on a variety of soil types with highest yield being obtained on sandy loams, similar to those regions where it is found growing naturally. Heavy clays, sands and soil with an impacted layer which restricts root growth are unsuitable. Fertility management : Crambe’s response to soil fertility is similar to that of small grains, mustard and canola.

  21. Harvesting Crambe is physiologically mature when 50 percent of the seeds have turned brown.Greg Endres, Blaine Schatz, 1993Extensive branching is considered to be a disadvantage for mechanical harvesting, since inch terminates in a raceme. E.A.WEISS,Oilseed crops,1983 Crambe can be harvested using a conventional combined harvester; desiccation thought swathing or by chemical means may be advisable as maturity can be uneven”. • Production-Yield “Yields are variable ranging from 1.25-3.7 t/ha”. (Ienica 2004) Other data: Yields of 1 500- 2000 kg/ha have been commonly achieved on a field scale in Europe and the USSR, slightly less than this in the USA. Experimental trials I many countries have consistently yielded 2,000-3,000 kg/ha, which would indicate that 2,500 kg/ha can reasonably be expected and should be the target”. (E.A.WEISS,Oilseed crops,1983) Yield (q/ha): 10,93 -14,24 q/ha (Data experiments in France, Saint Pathus-1994)

  22. Composition fatty acids Oil content: 35-60% (35% most common) 38 % (A.Merrien, F.Chatenet, M. Cartier, 1996) • Uses Crambe oil is a very effective lubricant, and is much more biodegradable than mineral oils, so it may be used alone or as additives for the textile, steel and shipping industries”.The oil can also be used in pharmaceuticals, fish food coating agents, cosmetics, nylon and perfumes. More recently it is also being considered as an oil for use in biofuel production (By Ray Hansen, 2010) Erucic acid is used mainly as erucamide, an effective on-stick agent in polyolefin films for wrapping food, plastic bags, shrink wraps, lubricants, plasticisers anf foam suppressants etc. (Sue Knights, 2003)

  23. Synthesis

  24. Synthesis

  25. Progress of work: WP3 • WP3: Bio-based product (Task 3.1) • Identify desirable quality characteristics that feedstock has to meet for mature industrial processes • Report on current alternative resources (including petroleum-based or chemical counterparts) for each industrial use • Set prospects to widen the range of potential feedstocks for the understudy industrial uses, based on the technology improvements • Set forth research gaps, prospects and recommendations to procure bio-based products will be tackled. • Identify restricting factors that inhibit broader industrial use of the biomass feedstocks (supply, costs, physical traits, consistency in quality, technical performance, research gaps, etc..) • Review on the product yielding capacity from various industrial crops streams • ITERG’s contribution will be drawn from their activities in the fields of vegetable oils for non food industrial uses such as: • Field 1: Biodiesel production • Field 2: lubricant • Field 3: Paint, ink coating& resin • Field 4: Polymer • And also the research on the new renewable business opportunities, including wood industry, building industry, cosmetic, etc..

  26. Progress of work: WP3

  27. Results WP3

  28. Progress of work: WP7 • The aim of this task is to provide a mechanism for bringing stakeholders together to force a coherent strategy for the promotion of bio-based products in Europe. • WP7: Dissemination and support Actions (Task 7.2)

  29. Invitation sent to partner’s project, speakers and our customers Participation of Linea, Arterris, Laboulet Semences, CIRAD-CP, Vandeputte Oleochemicals, Bostik, Rhodia…

  30. Status of deliverables & milestones • Delivrables • D1.1-Oil crops that can be produced in EU 27 : Final version : next week • D3.1-Oils that can be produced by the European bio-industry final version : end of november) • D7.2-Proceedings of workshops ; 3 months after the 18 of february

  31. Thankyou for your attention Xavier PAGES : x.pages@iterg.com www.iterg.comwww.prestations.iterg.com

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