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Cardiac anatomy and physiology

Cardiac anatomy and physiology . Announcements . *Next week’s lab will be a field trip to the desert. Students should wear appropriate footwear (not open-toed sandals). It is also advisable to bring a hat and water. We will meet in the lab before going on the trip. Be sure

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Cardiac anatomy and physiology

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  1. Cardiac anatomy and physiology

  2. Announcements *Next week’s lab will be a field trip to the desert. Students should wear appropriate footwear (not open-toed sandals). It is also advisable to bring a hat and water. We will meet in the lab before going on the trip. Be sure to arrive to lab on time. *Assignment for this lab include pages 129, 130, 131, 132 and 133.

  3. This lab. • Cardiac anatomy • Cardiac physiology • EKG (rest, exercise, and diving response) • Blood pressure (sphygmomanometer and stethoscope)

  4. Cardiac Anatomy 1-Mammalian and avian heart -4 compartments -Divided circulation (pulmonary and systemic) -Both sides pump blood at the same rate ( circulatory collapse) -right side contain the least oxygenated blood while the left side, the most oxygenated blood. -2 atria at the base and 2 ventricle toward the apex -sulcus:mark the division of the chambers, adapt the coronary arteries and is covered with fat. -pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right side to the lungs

  5. Cardiac Anatomy • pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lung • to the left side of the heart. • -Aorta carry oxygenated blood from the left side of the • heart to the rest of the body. • -Aortic semilunar valve, prevent blood back-flow into the • left ventricles during ventricular repolarization • -Tricuspid valve allow blood flow from right atrium to right • ventricle but not vice versa • -Bicuspid (mitral valve) do the same function but at the • left side. • -Chordae tendineae are strands of connective tissue that • anchor flaps of the valves in place.

  6. Cardiac Anatomy -Fossa ovalis is the remnant of foramen oval which allow bypass the lung during foetal life.

  7. Cardiac Anatomy 2- Fish heart -2 chambers 3-Amphibian heart -2 atria and one ventricle 4-Reptiles heart -3 chambers with partially divided ventricle

  8. Cardiac physiology • The heart has its own electrical system that is able to • initiate contractions. • The rate of contractions is under control of the nervous • system (autonomic versus somatic nervous system) • impulse is the way stimuli (excitatory or inhibitory) is • transmitted over the cardiac muscle fibers cell membrane. • It is essentially outflow/inflow of positive and negative ions • across the cell membrane.

  9. Cardiac physiology *Action potential= depolarization =contraction=systole resting potential= repolarization =relaxation=distole ++++++++++ ---------------+++++++++++ cell mem ---------------- +++++++++++---------------- -70mV *SA node(pacemaker), AV and purkinje fibers *atria contract from top to bottom and ventricles contract from apex to base

  10. Cardiac physiology *Electrocardiograph (EKG) -record electrical changes produced by the heart muscle contraction. -it compare the electrical potential difference between 2 electrodes on the surface of the body (volts) - P wave…artial contraction (0.1 second) QRS wave…ventricular contraction (.06~.1 second) T wave…ventricular relaxation - PR interval is usually .2 second

  11. Cardiac physiology

  12. To do *dissect sheep heart *EKG demonstration for group of (5~6) *measuring blood pressure by sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

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