NCHRP 15-34A Performance-Based Analysis of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets

1. NCHRP 15-34APerformance-Based Analysis of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets Kittelson & Associates, Inc. University of Utah January 2014

2. Presentation Outline • Project Background and Overview • Information Gathering • Project Work Plan • NCHRP Report

3. Presentation Outline • Project Background and Overview • Information Gathering • Project Work Plan • NCHRP Report

4. Project Background and Overview • Past NCHRP 15-34 • Transition to NCHRP 15-34A • Project Team • Project Goals

5. Project Background – NCHRP 15-34 • Past NCHRP 15-34 • The original intent of NCHRP project 15-34 was to facilitate the transference of research findings and performance-prediction technologies to application within highway and street decision-making processes. • Transition to NCHRP 15-34A • January 2007 Interim Report 1 • February 2007 Project Panel Meeting • Fall 2007 Principal Investigator Change • 2008/2009 Conduct Work • June 2009 Project Panel Meeting • March 2010 Project Stopped • Late Summer 2012 Project NCHRP 15-34A Initiated

6. Project Overview – NCHRP 15-34A • Project Team • Kittelson & Associates, Inc. – Brian Ray and Erin Ferguson • University of Utah – RJ Porter • Dr. John Mason • Project Goals • Review past material developed under NCHRP 15-34 • Develop NCHRP Report 15-34A • Summarize research finding in the Supplemental Research Materials Report • Archived material, additional research details, AASHTO Green Book revisions, and future suggested research

7. Presentation Outline • Project Background and Overview • Information Gathering • Project Work Plan • NCHRP Report

8. Information Gathering • Key Materials Obtained from NCHRP 15-34 • Original proposal • Original work plan • Phase I working files • First Interim Report • Framework Construction • Update on project activities • Draft of Second Interim Report • Kwon Final Thesis • Presentation files from TRB workshops • Panel comments to proposal and both interim reports • Panel Meeting notes from two panel meetings

9. Information Gathering • Material to be archived • Information primarily from NCHRP 15-34 First Interim Report (January 2007) • definitions and timing of design decisions • recommended performance measures • capabilities of performance prediction tools • sensitivity of performance measures to geometric design decisions • NCHRP 15-34 archived material is located: https://sites.google.com/site/nchrp1534archive/

10. Information Gathering • Material used NCHRP Report 15-34A • Similar project development process • environmental clearance activities • Tables and matrix summaries of design elements, design decisions, and resources/software/tools available • evaluate the performance effects of design decisions • Updated performance categories • consistent with broader, national performance-based transportation decision making efforts • Specific recommended performance measures • capture panel priorities • more recent completed research

11. Presentation Outline • Project Background and Overview • Information Gathering • Project Work Plan • NCHRP Report

12. Project Work Plan – Develop NCHRP Report 15-34A • Deliverables • Annotated Outline of the NCHRP Report 15-34A • Draft Report documents • Final Report documents • NCHRP Report 15-34A • Supplemental Research Materials Report • Key Components • Coordinate with the panel to receive input • Consider past information gathered • Incorporate new research material available

13. Presentation Outline • Project Background and Overview • Information Gathering • Project Work Plan • NCHRP Report

14. NCHRP 15-34A Report • Part A: Basis and Knowledge for Performance Based Analysis in Geometric Design of Highways and Streets • Chapter 1 through 4 Overview • Part B: Applications Guidance for Conducting Performance Based Analysis • Chapter 5 - Framework • Chapter 6 - Project Examples

15. NCHRP 15-34A Report • Part A • Chapter 1 – Introduction • Chapter 2 – Overview • Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Part B • Chapter 5 – Process Framework • Chapter 6 – Case Studies/Project Examples

16. NCHRP 15-34A Report • Chapter 1 – Introduction • Chapter 2 – Overview • Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Chapter 5 – Process Framework • Chapter 6 – Case Studies/Project Examples

17. Chapter 1 - Introduction • Role of performance-based analysis in transportation activities • Role and value in geometric design of highways and streets • Guiding Principles • Intended outcomes • Connect to project development process • Performance measures of design decisions

18. Chapter 1 - Introduction • Fundamental model of the approach

19. Chapter 1 - Introduction • Performance-based analysis of geometric design • principles-focused approach that looks at the outcomes of design decisions as the primary measure of design effectiveness. • Identifying project intended outcomes • basis for evaluating performance • Geometric design performance • Influences whether a project achieves intended outcomes

20. NCHRP 15-34A Report • Chapter 1 – Introduction • Chapter 2 – Overview • Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Chapter 5 – Process Framework • Chapter 6 – Case Studies/Project Examples

21. Chapter 2 – Overview • Overview of geometric design decisions

22. Chapter 2 – Overview • Relationship between project-level and performance measures

23. Chapter 2 - Overview • Geometric design and the project development stages • Planning Studies – not included • Alternatives Identification and Evaluation • Project initiation, purpose and need, traffic analyses, preliminary alternatives, public outreach, technical studies, cost/benefit evaluations, refined analyses, selected alternative(s).

24. Chapter 2 - Overview • Geometric design and the project development stages - continued • Preliminary Design • Horizontal and vertical alignment, typical sections, grading plans, structures, traffic/ITS, signing and striping, illumination, and utilities. • Final Design • Construction

25. Chapter 2 – Overview • Geometric design and environmental evaluations and clearance • Project Scoping • Purpose and Need • Alternatives Analysis • Effected Environment • Environmental Consequences • Mitigation

26. NCHRP 15-34A Report • Chapter 1 – Introduction • Chapter 2 – Overview • Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Chapter 5 – Process Framework • Chapter 6 – Case Studies/Project Examples

27. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Fundamentally: Who are we serving? • Who are we serving? • identifying the key road users and stakeholders for a given project and project context • What are we trying to achieve? • identifying and articulating the core desired outcomes from the project

28. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Defining Project Performance – Goals and Measures • US DOT’s Strategic Plan for 2012-2016 • Economic competitiveness • Environmental sustainability • Livable communities • Organizational excellence • Safety • State of good repair • Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) • Congestion Reduction • Infrastructure Condition • Environmental Sustainability • Freight Movement and Economic Vitality • Reduced Project Delivery Delays • Safety • System Reliability

29. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Geometric Design Performance Categories • Accessibility • ability to approach a desired destination or potential opportunity for activity using highways and streets (including the sidewalks and/or bicycle lanes). • Mobility • ability to move various users efficiently from one place to another using highways and streets. • Quality of Service • the perceived quality of travel by a road user. • Reliability • consistency of performance over a series of time periods. • Safety • expected frequency and severity of crashes occurring on highways and streets.

30. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Role and Influence of Geometric Design Features

31. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Geometric Design Decisions • consider overall intended project outcomes, project performance, and transportation performance. • How do the features or qualities of the features influence performance measures related to accessibility, mobility, quality of service, reliability, and safety? • may have incremental and cumulative effects • discrete choices may impact broader concepts • sustainability, economic competitiveness, or livability • identifying project design controls • leads to appropriate design criteria to meet those design control needs

32. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Project Design Controls and Influences • Speed concepts and design decisions • Sight distance concepts • Design choices for segments and nodes

33. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Design choices for segments

34. Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Design choices for nodes

35. NCHRP 15-34A Report • Chapter 1 – Introduction • Chapter 2 – Overview • Chapter 3 – Identify Project Outcomes • Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Chapter 5 – Process Framework • Chapter 6 – Case Studies/Project Examples

36. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Introduction • Summarize critical or high priority known relationships between design elements and performance • Document the general relationship • Identify possibly performance trade-offs • Present resources and tools that can be used

37. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Overview • Key Resources • AASHTO’s Highway Safety Manual (HSM) • 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (2010 HCM) • Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 2nd Edition (TCQSM) • FHWA’s Speed Concepts: Informational Guide • Draft 2010 HSM chapters for freeways and interchanges (NCHRP Project 17-45) • Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM)

38. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Overview - Notations • Each characteristic/decision – performance measure category combination is classified as: • Expected direct effect • Expected indirect effect • No expected effect

39. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Overview - Notations • Secondary notation classifies each relationship as one of the following: • The relationship can be directly estimated by existing performance prediction tools; • The relationship can be indirectly estimated using more than one existing tool or supplemental calculations; • The relationship cannot be estimated by existing tools; or • Not applicable (i.e., the relationship does not exist).

40. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Expected relationships between geometric design elements and performance categories • Segments • Nodes – Intersections and Interchanges

41. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsSegments

42. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsNodes – Intersections

43. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsNodes – Interchanges

44. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Geometric Design Decisions and Performance • Accessibility • ability to approach a desired destination or potential opportunity for activity using highways and streets (including the sidewalks and/or bicycle lanes). • Mobility • ability to move various users efficiently from one place to another using highways and streets. • Quality of Service • the perceived quality of travel by a road user. • Reliability • consistency of performance over a series of time periods. • Safety • expected frequency and severity of crashes occurring on highways and streets.

45. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design Elements • Tables summarize the design elements/decisions and their relationship to performance measures from each of the transportation performance categories • Key Resources • AASHTO’s Highway Safety Manual (HSM) • 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (2010 HCM) • Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 2nd Edition (TCQSM) • FHWA’s Speed Concepts: Informational Guide • Draft 2010 HSM chapters for freeways and interchanges (NCHRP Project 17-45) • Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) • NCHRP Report 687, Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing • NCHRP 672, Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, 2nd Edition

46. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsAccessibility

47. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsMobility

48. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsMobility

49. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsQuality of Service

50. Chapter 4 – Geometric Design ElementsQuality of Service