Brief Review of DNA Replication:

1. Brief Review of DNA Replication:

2. Nearest Neighbor Analysis (Kornberg 1956): In vitro DNA synthesis •Template DNA •DNA polymerase •dNTPs *dATP *dCTP *dGTP *dTTP •Allow DNA replication to take place •Denature DNA •Treat with micrococcal nuclease- yields mononucleotides with 3’ terminal phosphates

3. ssDNA treated with micrococcal nuclease: A A C C C * G G T T T T C ssDNA: *

4. Exercise: List all possible dinucleotides (analysis of nearest 5’ neighbor) Which must be present in equal frequencies if the DNA strands are: Parallel ?Antiparallel?

5. ApA ApC ApG ApT CpA CpC CpG CpT GpA GpC GpG GpT TpA TpC TpG TpT Exercise: List all possible dinucleotides (analysis of nearest 5’ neighbor) Which must be present in equal frequencies if the DNA strands are: Parallel ?Antiparallel? ApC = TpG CpA = GpT ApG = TpC CpG = GpC ApT = TpA CpT = GpA ApC = GpT CpA = TpG ApG = CpT GpA = TpC

6. Alternative Forms of DNA

7. G + C Content

8. DNA Melting *Temperature at which DNA strands are ½ denatured is the melting temperature or Tm *GC content of DNA has a significant effect on Tm

9. Comparison of Typical Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

10. Chromosome Sequence and Diversity

11. Gene Density in Different Organisms