Mathematical Miracles!

1. Mathematical Miracles! By: Katie Durco, Judith Gould, Colton Yoders

2. Careers in Math Financial analysts need math to work with business investment opportunities. They determine whether it makes sense or not to invest in them. If so, how much you should invest. They use a variety of math formulas to analyze how much the company is worth, how profitable the company is, how much growth potential the company has and how likely the company is to grow in the future. Math helps a lot in this career. Actuaries also use math in their career. They calculate the risk that you pose filing a claim. They also calculate the rate the company needs to charge you to cover its expenses and make a profit. They use information to determine how likely you are to have an accident. Engineers use formulas to predict traffic patterns and design more efficient transportation networks. They use math to analyze how a change in zoning will affect the needs of a city. They also use it to analyze how a change in a new building would affect a city. Mechanical engineers use math to design machines. Medical professionals like scientists, collect data to determine whether treatments are working. They use statistical analysis to determine whether random chance caused the differences between the control groups. Another type of medical professional that uses math is doctors. They use math for proper drug amount. Math is very important in these people’s lives. If it weren’t for math, we wouldn’t have any of what we have today. Especially the most important one would be proper drug use. If doctors did not have math, we would not know how much to take of medication. That could be dangerous. Math is very important whether people admit that or not.

3. Biography Rene Descartes Rene was born on March 31, 1596. He died February 11, 1650. He was born in La Haye. He was 55 years old when he died. His education consisted of grammar in which he took for three years, humanities for one, rhetoric for one, and philosophy for three. He attended Jesuit College from 1606-1614. He spent two following years in Paris studying math. In 1616 he went to study law at the University of Poitiers. In 1617, Rene set out for the Netherlands where he volunteered in the Dutch army. He attended two additional years of education in the Dutch cities of Franeker and Leuden. Rene’s parents were Joachim and Jeanne. Descartes was named after one of is godfathers. His mother died giving birth to another son. His father remarried to another woman. He had two sisters, Jeanne and Pierre. He had a half sister named Anne, and a half brother named Joachim. He went into the army, and wrote books. He studied the law but never went into office. He made many contributions to math. If he had not contributed to math, we would not be able to do many of the things we do today. Some contributions he made were he developed the techniques that made algebraic geometry possible. He was also the co-framer of the sine of law of refraction. He was the proposer of a naturalistic account of the formation of the earth and planets. Without these contributions, we wouldn’t be able to do many of the things we do.

4. Self Help Note taking, studying for tests, and taking tests in math, there are many things to know before you can do it right. First off I’ll discuss note taking, and the importance of it and how you can make them easy to learn.  People think that note taking is a point less boring task, when in reality it helps with memorization, and learning the material.  Each person takes their notes differently based on what they think is important and what they need to know. So, if you work in a group everyone’s notes will be different therefore the variety of the information will also help to learn the material. Studying for tests, in math is very difficult because there is no way to memorize it. In math people say “either you know it or you don’t” which is mostly true, but there are many ways to study it other than “winging” it. You can do problems from the book and check your answers, or you can just make sure you know the formulas and also the steps to take to get the right answer of a problem. The best thing to do for studying for a test is practice, math is not a subject that you can just know how to do before you learn the steps there are many ways to do many problems to get the right answer, it just depends on what is easiest for you. I said before that in math it’s not memorization you just have to figure out how to do a problem and not make simple mistakes. Test day, we all know that test day is stressful and you get nervous. When taking a test anxiety and stress are not good to be focusing on. The reduce these things before a test you can study a couple days before, not talk yourself down, and not get worked up if you don’t know how to do a problem. Whenever you can’t figure out a problem take a deep breath and go back to it, maybe another problem will trigger your memory. Also you could study longer, or take better notes. When taking notes make sure you are organized so when it comes to the night before the test you aren’t going crazy trying to find where things are.     If you are still having trouble in math and you are doing all these things to try and improve, then go to a tutor maybe they would have a better way of doing a problem. The main thing is to figure out how you remember things best and take the notes so that they fit the way you study. Also, calm down during tests and just do homework sooner and practice. Hope this helps!

5. Women Mathematicians  There were many women mathematicians.  Such as Annie Dale Biddle Andrews, Josephine E. Burns, Susan Jane Cunningham, Irene Hueter, Evelyn M. Nelson, Alice Roth, Dorothy Maud Wrinch, Claribel Kendall, Emmy Nether, Gloria Olive & many more. When people think of mathematicians they usually think they were all male, however there were many female mathematicians. The very first female mathematician was Theano in the 6Th Century BC. Theano was the very first women mathematician. She was the wife of Pythagoras, and had two daughters. Theano and her two daughters took over the Pythagorean School after Pythagoras had passed away. Theano wrote treatises on math, physics, medicine, and child psychology. Her most important work was the principle of the “Golden Mean” said McLemore. She was a mathematician, physician, and an administrator.   Annie Dale Biddle Andrews was born in Hanford California on December 13,1885 and died on April 14, 1940. She received a B.A. degree from the University of California in 1908. In 1922 she became the first women to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics . She was an instructor in math at the University of Washington in 1911-1912. She taught mathematical Theory of Investment; Plane Analytic Geometry and Differential Calculus; Solid Analytic Geometry; Integral Calculus, and Infinite Series; College Algebra; and Introduction to Projective Geometry.   Susan Jane Cunningham she was born in Virginia March 23, 1842. In college she took astronomy and mathematics at Vesser College. She also took special courses in astronomy and mathematics during several summers at Harvard University, Princeton University, Newnham College at Cambridge, the Greenwich Observatory in England, and Williams College. She helped to begin the astronomy and mathematics departments for the opening of Swarthmore College in 1869. Susan was the head of those two departments until she retired. In 1888 Swarthmore presented her with the honorary degree of Doctor of Science, the first degree of this kind given by that institution. In 1906, President Swain said: Susan J. Cunningham has the distinction of being the only one in the faculty who has been connected with the College since its beginning in 1869.

6. Continued. She is energetic, forceful and learned in her profession, and a thorough believer in the gospel of work. She has loved Swarthmore more than her own life, of which she has unsparingly given. She has in season and out of season been ready not only to serve the College but to help individual students by giving them her advice, her time and in numerous cases her money. So as you can see Susan Jane Cunningham was not the only women mathematician that did good. As you can see many women took part in discoveries and such just as the men did. The women did just as much if not more then the male mathematicians. So, maybe someone you know or you, yourself could be the next mathematician!

7. Mathematics in Space • Earth is the planet we live on and the one with water and life as we know it. It is the third largest planet of the nine that orbit the sun. The planets provide a lot of interesting numbers for measurement and computation. We will first examine the distance and size of the planets. Then we will study weight and age if we were to travel to different planets. The main purpose of this page is to learn scientific notation. • The most efficient route through space may not be close to a straight line. NASA has learned in recent years to take advantage of space and different gravitational pulls. By doing this you can save fuel for further and more efficient trips. You wouldn’t expect it but making strange loops and turns through space. An example that can be used is, the Genesis spacecraft. In the year of ’04 it began the departure for its trip home after spending two years collecting solar particles in orbit around a Lagrange point, this is a place found between our earth and the sun where the gravity of both sun and earth bodies is balanced. • Genesis did not come straight home. It took a long curvy path, going past the Earth to make an extended million-mile loop that took it past earth and other places in the solar system. Until finally bringing the Genesis back to earth. This use of gravity and different loops and turns said fuel for NSAS and a new way to travel through space. • Also GPS systems need mathematical pin points to make accurate flights through space. GPS satellites were designed by the US military, but because they would be available commercially the US army limited the accuracy that could be obtained from GPS to 10 meters. Until a regular person worked out how to calculate much more precise positioning.

8. Careers involving math • Geometrics Engineer- includes geodetic surveying : takes into account the size and shape of the earth, in order to determine the precise horizontal and vertical positions of geodetic reference monuments; cadastral surveying : establishes and reestablishes the reference monuments for the U.S. Public Land Survey System, township and section corners; topographic surveying determines the detailed configuration or contour of the natural earth's surface and the position of fixed objects thereon or related thereto; hydrographic surveying similarly determines underwater contours and features; land surveying is the location of existing parcel and new land subdivision lines, road and utility rights-of-way and easement lines, and determination of the location of existing and new reference monuments, which mark property lines and parcel corners; land surveying : also involves the preparation of legal descriptions for officially recorded land ownership conveyance deeds and other land title documents; construction surveying is the determination of the direction and length between and the elevations of reference points for fixed private and public works, as embraced within the definition and practice of civil engineering, and the labeling of reference markers containing critical information for the construction thereof; design, operation and management of advanced Geographic Information Systems and Land Information Systems, as well as other sophisticated computer mapping and CAD based geospatial applications. • Civil engineer- plan, design, and manage the construction of land vehicle, aircraft, water, and energy transport systems; analyze and control systems for land vehicular traffic; analyze and control environmental systems for sewage and water treatment; develop sites for industrial, commercial and residential home use; analyze and control systems for storm water drainage and storage; manage construction of foundations, structures and buildings; analyze construction materials ; and surface soils and subterranean material analysis. • Ecologist- study the interrelationships of organisms and their environments and the underlying mathematical dynamics. • operations research analysis- assist organizations (manufacturers, airlines, military) in developing the most efficient, cost-effective solutions to organizational operations and problems; this includes strategy, forecasting, resource allocation, facilities layout, inventory control, personnel schedules, and distribution systems

9. Word Problems 1. A boy had 251 apples; he ate 4 on Monday, 6 on Tuesday, 1 on Wednesday, 5 on Thursday, 3 on Friday, 2 on Saturday, and none on Sunday. How many apples does he have left? 2. In the old days there were elevator operators to transport passengers. Don Downs always started his day in the basement. He went up 20 floors to take his boss some coffee. Then he went down 8 floors to take a Danish to his friend. He went up 7 floors to check things out. This was the halfway point in the building. How many floors are in this building? Draw a diagram to show how you would figure this out. If Tony's father must take a different route every day to prevent a robbery attempt, how many different paths down and to the left can he take from the hotel to the bank?

10. 3. Joe goes to the store to buy bananas , apples ,oranges, and peaches. If he buys 6 bananas 10 apples 30 oranges and 3 peaches how much money will it cost? • Apples-o.55 each • Oranges-0.64 each • Peaches- 0.92 each • Bananas- 1.23 each

11. Puzzles Try to fill in the missing numbers. Use the numbers 1 through 9 to complete the equations. Each number is only used once.Each row is a math equation. Work from left to right.Each column is a math equation. Work from top to bottom.