The War for Independence

1. CHAPTER The War for Independence 4 Overview Time Lines 1 The Stirrings of Rebellion SECTION 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution SECTION 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga SECTION 4 Winning the War SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 4 Economic Opportunity Expanding Democracy Women in America CHAPTER The War for Independence 4 HOME “ . . . give me liberty, or give me death!” Patrick Henry

3. What do you know? • Based on what you already know, what events led to the American Revolution? What were the major battles? Who were the military heroes? What resulted from the battles? Read the quote above and answer the following: • What makes the quotation so powerful? • What insights about the Revolution does it convey? CHAPTER The War for Independence 4 HOME “ . . . give me liberty, or give me death!” Patrick Henry

4. 1765British Parliament passes the Stamp Act. 1767Colonial women organize spinning bees to protest British taxes on textiles. 1773Colonists stage the Boston Tea Party. 1774Parliament passes Intolerable Acts. First Continental Congress convenes. 1775Fighting erupts at Lexington and Concord. Second Continental Congress convenes. Colonists and the British wage the Battle of Bunker Hill. 1776 Colonists declare independence. Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense. 1783Treaty of Paris signed. CHAPTER Time Line 4 HOME The United States

5. 1765Chinese forces invade Burma. 1769Scotland’s James Watt makes a steam engine capable of running other machines. 1770Tukolor Kingdom arises in the former Songhai region of West Africa. 1774Reign of Louis XVI begins in France. 1776Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations published. 1779Spain declares war on Britain. French occupy Senegal. 1782Spain puts down a Native American rebellion in Peru. CHAPTER Time Line 4 HOME The World

6. Learn About the growing conflict between Great Britain and the American colonies. To Understand the American Revolution and how it began. SECTION 1 The Stirrings of Rebellion HOME

7. SECTION 1 The Stirrings of Rebellion HOME Key Idea The colonies unite in their resistance to Britain, as soldiers in Massachusetts fire “the shot heard ‘round the world.”

8. Stamp Act Boston Massacre Stockpiling arms Quartering Act Battle ofConcord Boston TeaParty Seizure ofthe Liberty Battle of Lexington SECTION 1 The Stirrings of Rebellion HOME 1 Section Assessment SYNTHESIZING What are some events that demonstrate the conflict between Great Britain and the American colonies? Conflict grows

9. HYPOTHESIZING What opinion might a British soldier have had about the Boston Massacre? THINK ABOUT • the start of the conflict on March 5, 1770 • the behavior of Crispus Attucks and other colonists • the use of the event as propaganda SECTION 1 The Stirrings of Rebellion HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. FORMING AN OPINION Did the British government act wisely in its dealings with the colonies between 1765 and 1775? THINK ABOUT • the reasons for British actions • the reactions of colonists • the results of British actions SECTION 1 The Stirrings of Rebellion HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About debates in the Continental Congress and increasing tensions in the colonies in 1775–1776. To Understand why Americans declared independence in spite of their divided loyalties. SECTION 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution HOME

12. SECTION 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution HOME Key Idea Ideas about freedom and self-determination spur the colonies to declare independence.

13. Government based on a social contract British reject Olive Branch Petition Inalienable rights of Americans Ideas in Common Sense published Causes of Colonies became independent Colonists forced to choose revolution or loyalty Results of SECTION 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the causes, ideas, and results related to the Declaration of Independence? The Declaration of Independence

14. HYPOTHESIZING Imagine that King George had accepted the Olive Branch Petition and tried a diplomatic resolution with Congress. Would colonists still have pressed for independence? THINK ABOUT • the attitudes of the king and Parliament toward the colonies • the impact of fighting at Lexington, Concord, and Breed’s Hill • the writings of Thomas Paine SECTION 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. INTERPRETING Why did Jefferson, when borrowing Locke’s ideas, change the rights of men from “life, liberty, and the pursuit of property” to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”? THINK ABOUT • Jefferson’s reputation as a lawyer and scholar • the politically charged climate of rebellion and loyalty • the socioeconomic groups living in America SECTION 2 Ideas Help Start a Revolution HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the early battles of the American Revolution, waged with civilian help. To Understand how events led to a major defeat of the British at Saratoga. SECTION 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga HOME

17. SECTION 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga HOME Key Idea The colonists overcome early losses and eventually score a major victory at Saratoga.

18. SUMMARIZING What were the early battles of the Revolution and their outcomes? OUTCOME BATTLE British force Continental Army to retreat New York Trenton Colonial victory prompts reenlistments Philadelphia British victory forces Congress to flee Colonial win leads to alliance with France Saratoga SECTION 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga HOME 33 Section Assessment

19. HYPOTHESIZING If Burgoyne and the British had captured Saratoga in 1777, how might the course of the war have changed? THINK ABOUT • the military strength of the British • the fighting skills of the Americans • French support of the colonists SECTION 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. EVALUATING During the beginning of the American Revolution, what problems caused by the war affected civilian women the most? THINK ABOUT • inflation and the scarcity of goods • the absence of the men • the demands of the war effort SECTION 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the Southern campaign of the Revolutionary War and the colonists’ maneuvers to reverse British advances. To Understand how the Americans won the war. SECTION 4 Winning the War HOME

22. SECTION 4 Winning the War HOME Key Idea The colonists enlist the help of European allies, defeat the mighty British army, and establish a new nation.

23. SUMMARIZING What are possible newspaper headlines that summarize the significance of five important battles, events, or developments described in this chapter? SECTION 4 Winning the War HOME 4 Section Assessment Von Steuben, Layfayette Lead Europeans in Aiding Rebels Colonists Conquer Brits at Yorktown Successful Treaty Negotiations Include Seeds of Trouble Leaders of Revolution Claim Slavery Violates Human Equality Native Americans Uncertain About Future with New Nation

24. ANALYZING CAUSES Could the colonists have won independence without aid from foreigners? Explain. THINK ABOUT • the military needs of the Americans and strengths of the French • the outcomes at Cowpens and Guilford Court House • the Americans’ belief in their fight for independence SECTION 4 Winning the War HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. EVALUATING What were the effects of the Revolutionary War on the American colonists? THINK ABOUT • political effects • economic effects • social effects SECTION 4 Winning the War HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 4 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What methods did colonists use to protest actions by Parliament between 1765 and 1775? 2. Describe the causes and results of the Boston Tea Party. 3. What were the results of fighting at Lexington and Concord? 4. What did Jefferson mean, and not mean, by the phrase “all men are created equal”? 5. Why did many colonists not support independence?

27. 4 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Why was the Battle of Trenton significant? 7. What British military plan did the colonial victory at Saratoga ruin? 8. Explain how civilians supported the war effort in the colonies. 9. How did France help the colonies during the American Revolution? 10. Describe three significant challenges facing the United States when the American Revolution ended.