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The Evolution of Health Care: Key Milestones and Future Directions

Explore the fascinating history of health care from ancient times to the modern era. Key figures such as Hippocrates, Edward Jenner, and Jonas Salk have shaped the medical field through groundbreaking discoveries. This overview highlights pivotal milestones including the invention of the microscope, the development of vaccines, and advancements in medical technology. As health care continues to grow, understanding its past influences the future landscape. Discover the factors driving change, the variety of health care facilities, and the trends impacting service delivery today.

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The Evolution of Health Care: Key Milestones and Future Directions

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  1. UNIT 1

  2. History of Health Care • 460-377 BC - Hippocrates - Father of modern medicine* • 1500s Gabriel Fallopus - fallopian tubes • 1666 Anton Von Leeuwenhoek - first microscope* • 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit- 1st mercury thermometer* • 1796 Edward Jenner - develops smallpox vaccine* • 1800 Royal College of Surgeons in London • 1800s Mendel - heredity and genes* • 1854 Florence Nightengale - begins nursing*$ • 1865 Dr. Joseph Lister - asepsis, ether, chloroform • 1881 Clara Barton - American Red Cross* • 1887 Anne Sullivan - first ?

  3. 1895 William Roentgen - discovers xrays • 1910 Madam Curie - isolates radium*$ • 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming - discovers penicillin* • 1952 Jonas Salk - develops poliomyelitis vaccine • 1967 First Hospice • 1968 Christian Barnard -successful heart transplant* • 1975 CAT scan • 1978 First test tube baby born in England • 1980 Small pox is eradicated • 1982 First artificial heart • 1990 Gene therapy used to treat disease • 2001 Steve Thomas uses sterile maggots for wound

  4. What does the future hold? • Factors affecting HC • 1. Economy • A. • B. • C. • D. • E. • 2. Law of supply and demand • A. • B.

  5. 3. Technological development • A. • B. • 4. Others? • HC is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the US. It is estimated that 1/3 of the population works in health care. HC employs 9.8 million workers in over 200 different careers! • Why? Where do they work? Who do they work with?

  6. I. Health Care Facilities • A. Hospitals • 1. Classified by size and type of services • a. General - • b. Specialty - • c. Government - • d. University/college medical centers - • 2. Classified by funding received • a. Private - • b. Religious - • c. Non-profit - • d. Government -

  7. B. Long term care facilities • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • C. Medical offices • 1. • 2. Dx, Rx, Ex, basic lab tests, minor surgery • 3. • D. Dental offices • 1. • 2. • 3.

  8. E. Clinics • 1. • 2. • F. Optical centers • 1. • 2. • G. Emergency care services • 1. • H. Laboratories • 1. • 2.

  9. I. Home health care • 1. • J. Hospice • 1. • 2. • K. Mental health facilities • 1. • 2. • L. Genetic counseling centers • 1. • M. Rehabilitation facilities • 1.

  10. N. HMO - Health maintenance organization 1. • O. Industrial health care centers • 1. • P. School health services • 1. • Q. Government agencies • 1. World Health Organization (WHO) - • 2. USDHHS - • a. National institute of Health (NIH) - • b. Center for disease control (CDC) - • 3. Office of alternative medicine (OAM) - • 4. Agency for HC policy and research -

  11. R. Nonprofit agencies - ARC, AHA • 1. • S. Public health services • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.

  12. II. HC insurance • A. Definitions • 1. Premium - • 2. Deductible - • 3. Coinsurance - • 4. Co-payment - • 5. Coordination of benefits - • 6. Diagnostic related groupings (DRGs) -

  13. B. Private insurance - • C. HMOs • 1. • 2. • 3. • D. PPOs - Preferred provider organization • 1. • 2. • E. Medicare • 1. • F. Medicaid • 1.

  14. G. Worker’s compensation • 1. • H. Military plans • 1. TRICARE - • 2. VA - • I. SCHIP - • III. HC Organization -

  15. IV. Trends in HC • A. Cost containment • 1. DRGs • 2. Combination of services • 3. Outpatient services, ambulatory care, • mobile surgical vans • 4. Mass or bulk purchasing • 5. Early intervention/preventative services • 6. Energy conservation

  16. B. Home HC • 1. • C. Geriatric care - continuous increase in elderly • 1. OBRA - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation • Act - • D. Telemedicine - • E. Wellness - • F. Research - • G. Alternative and Complimentary HC - • H. National HC plan • I. Where are the jobs?

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