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Overview of Relevant Instrument Technologies supported by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program

Overview of Relevant Instrument Technologies supported by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program. GEO-CAPE Community Workshop Karen Moe, NASA Earth Science Technology Office May 11, 2011 karen.moe@nasa.gov http://esto.nasa.gov.

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Overview of Relevant Instrument Technologies supported by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program

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  1. Overview of Relevant Instrument Technologies supported by the NASAInstrument Incubator Program GEO-CAPE Community Workshop Karen Moe, NASA Earth Science Technology Office May 11, 2011 karen.moe@nasa.gov http://esto.nasa.gov

  2. Earth Science Technology OfficeTargeted, Science-Driven, Competed, Actively Managed Technology Program Current ESTO Investments Supporting GEO-CAPE IPM: Intelligent Payload Module Infrared Correlation Radiometer PI: D. Neil IIP-07/LaRC Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer PI: S. Sander, IIP-07/JPL SpaceCube 2 PI: T. Flatley, AIST-08/GSFC Sensor Web 3D PI: D. Mandl, AIST-08/GSFC Spectrometer and Radiometer Technologies Information Technologies Supporting Technologies PolZero Time-Domain Polarization Scrambler PI: R. Illing ACT-08/Ball Aero Visible-NIR Blind Focal Plane Arrays PI: S. Janz, ACT-08/GSFC TIMS Tropospheric Infrared Mapping Spectrometer PI: J. Kumer, IIP-04/LMATC In-pixel Digitized ROIC PI: D. Rider, ACT-08/JPL SIRAS-G Spaceborne Infrared Atmospheric Sounder for GEO PI: T. Kampe, IIP-03/Ball Aero Component Technologies Pre-Decadal Survey Era Decadal Survey Era Geo-SPEC Geostationary Spectrometer PI: S. Janz, IIP-03/GSFC TTSS-FPI Tropospheric Trace Species Sensing Fabry-Perot Interf. PI: A. Larar, IIP-01/LaRC # of Awards SOX Sensor-Web Operations Explorer for AtmospheresPI: M. Lee, AIST-05/JPL Since FY’07, ESTO has 19 GEO-CAPE related technology development tasks with a total investment of ~$40M

  3. Technology Goals • Reduce payload size (sensors, pointing systems, mirrors) • Maintain line-of-sight stabilization for high spatial resolution at GEO • Reduce detector pixel size, improve dynamic range • Improve optical efficiency, grating throughput • Enhance science return • Enable retrieval of additional policy-relevant products and extended spatio-temporal products • Track episodic events and avoid imaging clouds over coasts • Enable cost-effective assessment of measurements from GEO and in-situ platforms (simulation capability)

  4. GEO-CAPE InstrumentTechnology Investments Quad Charts

  5. Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer PI: Timothy Valle, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. • Develop a Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer for geostationary (GEO) coastal remote sensing and test it in an operational environment to demonstrate TRL 6. • Key technologies include a butcher block order sorting filter and a blazed, curved grating. • A Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer, employed in a geostationary remote sensing payload, can accomplish the ocean color mission with a small package, fast revisit time, and high SNR by producing hyperspectral images at multiple positions simultaneously, thus, reducing the risk for Geo-CAPE Event Imaging. • IIP Point Design Determination 10/11 • Detailed Design 03/12 • Relay Optics 02/13 • FPA/Filter 03/13 • System Test (TRL 5) 01/14 • Post-Vibe System Test (TRL 6) 03/14 • Balance the design parameters of the Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer for GEO coastal remote sensing. • Design and build a Multi-Slit Offner Spectrometer. • Characterize the performance in a thermal vacuum environment before and after launch vibration. • Show traceability from the measured performance to the GeoCAPE Event Imager mission. TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 3 CoIs/Partners: Curtiss Davis, Oregon State Univ.

  6. GEO-TASO: Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization PI: James Leitch, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. • Demonstrate a compact multi-order 2 channel spectrometer with up to 4x spectral oversampling. • Determine optimal spectral/spatial sampling and resolution for the Geo-CAPE UV-Vis spectrometer. • Develop a ruggedized airborne sensor to support future Geo-CAPE spectral and spatial trades and validation. • Demonstrate needed retrieval performance under flight-like conditions. • Derive airborne mission and sensor performance requirements. • Design and assemble airborne sensor. • Verify sensor performance in the laboratory including: spectral, spatial, stray light and radiometric precision and accuracy to meet limiting trace gas retrieval case (HCHO). • Conduct two NASA DC-8 data collection flights. • Perform retrieval analysis on airborne data to optimize Geo-CAPE spectral and spatial sampling resolution requirements. • Mission and sensor requirements 08/11 • Sensor design and long leads on order 03/12 • Functional test 10/12 • Environmental test 11/12 • Performance test 08/13 • Flight data campaign 11/13 • Trace gas retrievals on flight data 03/14 CoIs/Partners: Scott Janz, GSFC, Kelly Chance, Xiang Liu, SAO / Jun Wang, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 3

  7. PanFTS Instrument Concept PI: Stan Sander, JPL Panchromatic Measurement Concept • High spectral resolution (0.06 cm-1) and wide spectral sensitivity (15 m to 0.26 m) allows simultaneous measurement of reflected sunlight and thermal emission (day and night) enabling retrieval of several important atmospheric composition species such as Pollutants (O3, NO2, NH3, SO2, HCHO, CH3OH, CO), Greenhouse Gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O), and Transport Tracers (HDO, N2O, O2, O4) Technology Assessment / Development Needs Instrument Concept • TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 4 • Engineering Model PanFTS would advance instrument design to TRL 6 • The PanFTS design has two separate channels optimized for the infrared and UV-Vis spectral domains, and multiple high speed focal plane arrays (FPAs) which simultaneously capture high-precision interferograms in each pixel for all of the wavelengths in the spectral range • The IR side of the interferometer is based on the flight proven design of the Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (TES on Aura) • The UV-Vis side of the interferometer is based on the Fourier Transform UV Spectrometer (FTUVS) which has been operating for over 12 years at the Table Mountain Facility • The overall design is compact because the two channels share a common fore optics, and a single common interferometer optical path difference mechanism (OPDM) • Design Life: 3 years (goal 5 years) OPDM life test in flight-like thermal-vac conditions Simultaneous IR + Vis measurement of NO2 demonstrates functional capability for panchromatic measurements 10/10

  8. Engineering Model Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer (EM PanFTS) Instrument for the GEO-CAPE mission PI: Stanley Sander, JPL PanFTS Observational Approach PanFTS Instrument Architecture • Develop a flight size PanFTS engineering model instrument which will reduce the risk, cost, size, volume, mass, and development time of an instrument that can make air quality and greenhouse gas measurements for the GEO-CAPE mission. • Demonstrate two key enabling system level technologies: • A flight size FTS instrument that addresses all critical scaling issues and is capable of operation over the flight instrument spectral range (0.26 µm to 15 µm) • Instrument operation in a space like thermal-vacuum environment demonstrating simultaneous UV-Vis and IR measurements under critical environmental conditions From geostationary orbit the PanFTS instrument will make hourly measurements of atmospheric composition with wide spectral sensitivity and high resolution as well as measure important green house gases that inform climate change models • Develop PanFTS science and measurement requirements that support Geo-CAPE air quality and climate processes science • Define specifications for an EM instrument design that can demonstrate the critical capabilities of a flight instrument • Acquire and characterize EM components in lab environment and then verify in a relevant space flight operation environment (thermal-vacuum at 180 K) • Integrate EM components and assemblies and verify in lab environment simultaneous UV-Vis and IR measurements over the flight instrument spectral range. • Develop PanFTS science measurement and • instrument requirements 09/11 • Complete EM instrument design 03/12 • Acquire and test EM components 07/12 • Perform integrated instrument functional tests 03/13 • Acquire preliminary cold testing results 09/13 • Complete flight-like environmental testing • and demonstrate EM performance 02/14 CoIs/Partners: J-F Blavier, K. Bowman, A. Eldering, W. Folkner, J. Neu, D. Rider, J. Worden, JPL TRLin = 4 TRLcurrent = 4

  9. Objective Approach Key Milestones Infrared Correlation Radiometer for GEO-CAPE PI: Doreen Neil, NASA LaRC • Develop Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer technology to demonstrate the 2.3 um performance needed for the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Mission. • Characterize the noise and spectral performance of a laboratory prototype of the SWIR (2.3 um) subsystem of an infrared gas filter correlation radiometer for geostationary carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. • Verify the instrument model to guide evolving GEO-CAPE mission implementation decisions. X Infrared Correlation Radiometer for GEO-CAPE • Fabricate the 2.3 um subsystem of an infrared gas filter correlation radiometer specifically designed for geostationary measurements. • Characterize performance to quantify instrument response functions (spectral, spatial, radiometric, and polarization), and explicitly, an end-to-end noise performance characterization. • Incorporate these characterizations into the CO measurement modeling system for use in GEO-CAPE mission formulation and payload system engineering. • System Requirements Review 06/09 • Critical Design review 08/09 • Test Plan Review 03/10 • Breadboard Assembly complete 03/10 • Characterizations complete 09/10 • Instrument Performance testing 01/11 • Instrument Performance Model 08/11 Co-Is/Partners: Jack Fishman, William Luck, NASA LaRC; David Edwards, NCAR; Lackson Marufu, UMD TRLin = 3 TRLcurrent = 3 04/11

  10. Tropospheric Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (TIMS) for CO PI: John Kumer, Lockheed Martin Adv. Tech. Center Objective • Develop a miniaturized version of an infrared Grating Mapping Spectrometer (GMS) prototype for mapping tropospheric CO profiles. • Validate operational performance in a field demonstration campaign. • Based on validation results, generate a design recommendation for a flight instrument version. UD FTIR Heliostat dewar enclosing 4.65mm module Insert picture or graphic here 4.65mm skyview input mirror 2.33mm spec-trometer dewar for 2.33 mm detector sunlight incident on diffuser On Sep 29, 2010, LMATC flight-tested the TIMS shortwave instrument in a dirigible to assess signal-to-noise with realistic geometry. These post-IIP results are noted in red. Diffuser scattering sunlight into the 2.33 mm input assembly TIMS and FTIR data acquisition at UD, Nov. 2007 Accomplishments: • Developed VSWIR and MWIR portable brassboard spectrometers with required spectral resolution and sensitivity; achieved • Noise equivalent radiance NEdN = 2.74E-10 & 1.28E-10 W/(cm2srcm-1) for VSWIR & MWIR, respectively, better than threshold values 8E-10 & 2E-10 as stated in the original proposal • Spectral resolution .25 & .53 cm-1 as compared to goals 0.13 and 0.2 cm-1, however these actuals are far better than achieved by previous spectrometers such as SCIAMACHY or AIRS, and coupled with the low noise have facilitated excellent CO retrieval • Demonstrated ability to acquire high quality atmospheric spectra in ground-based tests • Validated retrieval of CO profiles from these spectra through comparison with Denver University FTS measurements • Measurement concept has been demonstrated through ground measurements campaigns and ongoing dirigible flight tests for 2.3 µm • Developed concepts for flight instrument design, operation, and data production – focus has been on GEO-CAPE Mission • Analysis of 2.3 and 4.6 µm instrument performance confirmed Geo-CAPE-capable sensing of CO, CH4, andO3, NH3, (latter with 9.6 µm) Co-Is/Partners: AE Roche, R. Rairden, JL Mergenthaler, Lockheed; F. Murcray, Denver University; L. Straw, UMBC; R. Chatfield, NASA ARC TRLin = 3;TRLout = 5 2010: TRL = ~6 Rev. 11/10 04/09

  11. GEO-CAPE WorkshopTechnology Briefings & Posters

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