Unit 3 Exam

1. Unit 3 Exam Review for AP World History

2. 1) Which of the following was NOT a disease that was exchanged from the Old World to the New World in the Columbian Exchange? • Smallpox • Measles • Syphilis • Chicken pox C Syphilis went from the New World to the Old World, eventually killing some popes.

3. 2) Indigenous peoples were not used as slaves by the Europeans. What is the name for the first system of forced labor under European colonization? • Serfdom • Feudalism • Haciendas • Encomiendas D Why didn’t the crown like this system? What was the name of the second system?

4. 3) Shaka Zulu’s militaristic attempt to unite – and later, take over – neighboring African communities in an attempt to protect Southern African tribes from British incursions is called: • Mfecane • the Boer Wars • the Anglo-Zulu Wars of 1879 • the African Unification Process D The Mfecane is the chaos, disruption, and violence caused by Shaka Zulu’s African Unification Process in which he makes many more enemies than friends.

5. 4) Which tsar was responsible for Russia gaining total independence from the Mongols? • Ivan III • Ivan IV • Peter the Great • Catherine the Great A

6. 5) The TajMahal illustrates what unique feature of Mughal architecture? • Minarets, or towers, where Muslims are called to prayer • Water features to symbolize purity and rebirth, as the TajMahal was a tomb • A blending of Islamic architectural features with the Indian use of white marble • Miniatures decorating the interior of the structure, revealing the skill of Mughal painters C

7. 6) Which Russian leader put down the Pugachev Rebellion, issued the Instruction of 1767, and increased demands on serfs? • Ivan III • Ivan IV • Peter the Great • Catherine the Great D

8. 7) What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? • It ended the Thirty Years War. • It determined the placement of two new Spanish viceroyalties after the Bourbon Reforms. • It divided Spanish and Portuguese claims to land in the Americas • It ended the Anglo-Zulu Wars of 1879. C

9. 8) Which colony in the New World received more African slaves than any other colony; for what purpose? • Brazil; sugar • Jamaica; sugar • Peru; silver • Hispaniola; silver • A • What port is built in Brazil to accommodate the influx of slave trade ships?

10. 9) All of the following statements are true about the Hongwu EXCEPT: • He mandates that royal wives must be selected from non-aristocratic classes. • He removes all Mongol influences from Chinese society. • He limits the power of Neo-Confucians at court. • He reinstates and reforms the Confucian examination system. C

11. 10) The Thirty Years’ War resulted in: • The Pope’s Line of Demarcation to quell sparring between Spain and Portugal. • Ottoman control over the Middle East from its Shi’ite rivals, the Safavids. • A weakening of the Holy Roman Empire’s power, as German princes were granted the ability to select Protestantism as the religion of their kingdoms • The British attaining many territories that were previously French, enlarging an already strong British Empire. C German princes could do this according to the Treaty of Westphalia, which included the phrase territorial tolerance

12. 11) Which of the following statements is NOT true about Akbar the Great? • He focused on strengthening the Indian family unit through social reforms. • He constructed the TajMahal as a Muslim holy place • He expanded Mughal control over all of north India • He tried to establish a new religion, Din-i-Ilahi, to unite Muslim and Hindu believers. B

13. 12) The English Civil War: • Refers to the period of time where Catholics, led by Mary I, and Protestants, led by Elizabeth I, warred. • Is the British term for the American Revolution • Resulted in the English Parliament removing Catholic King James II from the throne and putting the Protestant William and Mary in place. • Resulted in the execution of King Charles I when he tried to create an absolute monarchy D Why is this war significant?

14. 13) Which statement about janissaries is FALSE? • Janissaries acted as progressives within an ever-stagnant Ottoman court and bureaucracy. • Janissaries were in charge of the artillery. • Janissaries could be promoted to extremely high government positions, and often were involved heavily in succession disputes. • Janissaries were, by definition, foreigners to the Ottoman Empire. A

15. 14) Who is responsible for pursuing two foolish goals, which ultimately weaken Mughal power in India? • Babur • Aurangzeb • Jahangir • Akbar B What were these two goals?

16. 15) The War of Spanish Succession: • solved the issue of Spanish succession, but weakened Spanish forces and the economy. • removed all Hapsburgs from the French royal line. • caused the Holy Roman Empire and Britain to be concerned about a possible alliance between Spain and France. • led to the determination that no Protestant would ever hold the Hapsburg throne. A

17. 16) Under the doctrine of mercantilism, Spain and Portugal required that their Latin American colonies: • buy manufactured goods only from the mother country • permit foreign merchants to trade within the empires • practice free trade • become self-sufficient A

18. 17) Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall: • represent an increasing desire by Europe to convert and conquer China. • were two European scientists in the Scientific Revolution. • demanded Mughal India convert to Catholicism, despite Indian protestations. • aimed to break Chinese isolationism by convincing the Ming court of the financial benefits to pursuing global trade. A

19. 18) The creation of the Atlantic trade network greatly facilitated the spread of what religion? • Islam • Buddhism • Hinduism • Christianity D Europeans dominated the Atlantic and spread Christianity to the conquered peoples in the Americas and into many parts of Africa.

20. 19) The Renaissance resulted from economic growth in Europe, but it was most recognized for • the creation of political systems dominated by the middle class • innovations in visual and performing arts • the establishment of global empires by the European powers • the elimination of the aristocracy as the elite class of the European social system B Renewal of high culture in Europe, but only possible due to the rapid economic growth that originated in Italy’s contacts with the Eastern Mediterranean and spread slowly into Western Europe as new trade routes developed

21. 20) What was the purpose of the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies of the New World? • Organize tax collections among colonies to eliminate tax evasion • Allow for the creation of independent states allied with the Spanish Crown • Provide labor for the creation of Spanish plantations, ranches, and mining • Facilitate the conversion of the native population to Roman Catholicism C The Spanish treated the New World as an extension of the feudal system when it came to the agrarian economy. Natives and then slaves were required for agricultural production.

22. 21) Trade with the Portuguese was welcomed by many Africans on the West African coasts because: • it would allow them to break ties with Muslim overland traders • it would give them new markets and access to cheaper goods • they had not traded with the outside world before • it opened the way for Christian missionaries B

23. 22) The Portuguese were able to assert control (albeit not total) over the Indian Ocean because • of the superiority of Christianity over indigenous beliefs • the constant warfare in the region allowed the disruption of traditional trade systems • Portuguese trade goods were vastly superior to anything to be found in the region • of the superiority of its ships and weapons over the smaller and lightly armed merchant dhows D

24. 23) The Pombaline Reforms were instituted in (X) and attempted to (Y). • Peru; quell complaints by missionaries that indigenous laborers were mistreated and unpaid • American colonies; increase Spanish control over the American southwest • Spanish Empire; alter the encomienda system • Portuguese Empire; strengthen the Portuguese economy. D

25. 24) Women were more in demand than men in the trans-Saharan slave trade because • men were too violent and tended to run away • women were more popular as commodities for sale to American traders • women were intended as wives in depopulated areas • women were intended as concubines and servants rather than for physical labor D

26. 25) Evidence of the extent of early modern Europe’s social tensions can be seen in • The Enlightenment • The Scientific Revolution • witch-hunts • Absolutism C

27. 26) Conquistadors, despite the diversity in their backgrounds, : • were selected because they were to become the bureaucrats that would organize the colonies once established. • had a sizeable advantage over much larger indigenous armies as a result of their horses, firearms, and steel weapons and armor. • were all the most prestigious and trusted warriors from the Spanish armies. • were used by the Church to double as missionaries B

28. 27) How did the Ottomans’ capture of Christian territories in the Balkans late in the 14th century increase Ottoman military strength? • It gave them the strategic and wealthy city of Constantinople • It gave them crossbow technology • It gave them gunpowder • It gave them Christian prisoners of war to use as military slaves D

29. 28) Which of the following statements about the Safavid Empire is NOT true? • Its founder, Isma’il, unlike later shahs, was mostly a secular man, unconcerned with religion • The Iranian population was converted to Shi’ism • The Safavids fought the Ottomans in the Battle of Chaldiran • The Safavids, unlike the Ottomans, mostly used Persian as their language A

30. 29) What is NOT a Spanish colonial racial classification? • Mestizos • Creoles • Mulattoes • Castas D

31. 30) Which factor distinguished the Mughal Empire from the Ottoman and Safavid Empires? • India had never been unified under one government before • India had never been exposed to Islam before • India was a much more sophisticated society than those of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires • The majority of Indian society was non-Muslim D

32. 31) Akbar’s religious attitude can best be described as • Tolerant and inquisitive • Tolerant but disinterested • Intolerant and hostile • Intolerant and disinterested A

33. 32) The Middle Passage refers to: • The Safavid Empire, landlocked between the Ottomans and Mughals. • The Muslim world, isolated in between Christian Europe and what Christians would hope would become a Christian Asia. • A choke point between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea, where traders frequently traversed. • The transportation of African slaves from their African homeland to New World ports. D What was this journey like?

34. 33) Peter the Great welcomed most Westernization tactics EXCEPT: • changing Russia’s military organization, and the obtainment of an ice-free port • western-style clothing • promoting the Russian mining industries, particularly coal • allowing Jesuit missionaries to come to Moscow D

35. 34) Which of the following statements about Spanish colonies in the New World is accurate? • The Spanish did not engage in mercantilism with their colonies. • The Spanish colonized all of present-day South America. • The main economic contribution of Spain’s colonies came from gold. • Sugarcane production was the primary economic activity in Spanish colonies. D

36. 35) Which of the following is NOT a correct generalization about Islamic societies between 1500 and 1700? • There was no Islamic cultural movement corresponding to the Scientific Revolution, and Islamic political and scientific progress lagged behind the Europeans. • Economic depression and government corruption led to the weakening of many Islamic states. • By the late 1700s, Islamic influence had ended everywhere except in North Africa. • Islamic empires, though ultimately eclipsed by European technological power, will initially utilize sophisticated gunpowder techniques. C

37. 36) Which of the following did NOT happen in China during the Ming Dynasty? • China was no longer under the control of Mongol leaders. • Trading contacts with other nations abruptly stopped after Zheng He’s expeditions. • Buddhism became the official state religion of China. • China began to grow new crops, such as corn and sweet potatoes. C

38. 37) A direct result of the Protestant Reformation was: • Christianity spread into the Ottoman Empire and Southeast Asia • Interest in the arts and scientific inquiry increased • Literacy rates across Europe rose • Efforts were made to reform the Eastern Orthodox Church C

39. 38) In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, what most fueled the increase in global trade? • the export of cheap labor in the form of slaves from Africa • the active participation of the Chinese government in expanding trade • the massive amounts of silver made available from New World mines • the influx of New World cash crops like sugar and tobacco C The initial boost in trade came from the discovery of silver mines in the New World, which allowed European merchants to purchase more goods from other areas. Ultimately, an increase in trade cannot occur unless you have the means to pay for it.