1 / 34

Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration. September 25, 2009 Questions on Test?? Agenda: 1. Cell Test 2. Chapter 8 Section 1 Reading Guide HW: Complete Reading Guide Georgia Performance Standard

lcharleston
Download Presentation

Chapter 8

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 8 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

  2. September 25, 2009 Questions on Test?? Agenda: 1. Cell Test 2. Chapter 8 Section 1 Reading Guide HW: Complete Reading Guide Georgia Performance Standard SB1-  Students will analyze relationship between structure and function in living things SB3- Relationship between cellular organisms and increasing complexity

  3. Warm Up!! Consider our demonstration. Make a hypothesis as to what you think is happening.

  4. September 28, 2009 How does energy get into a cell? Agenda: 1. Homework Check 2. Begin Cellular Energy 3. Introduce photosynthesis 4. Discuss Cell Project Grades Georgia Performance Standard SB1-  Students will analyze relationship between structure and function in living things SB3- Relationship between cellular organisms and increasing complexity

  5. Warm Up!! Brainstorm how you think energy gets into a cell. Write a list and share your ideas.

  6. September 29, 2009 How does energy get into a cell? Agenda: 1. Begin Cellular Energy 2. Introduce photosynthesis 3. Discuss Cell Project Grades Georgia Performance Standard SB1-  Students will analyze relationship between structure and function in living things SB3- Relationship between cellular organisms and increasing complexity

  7. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy • Energy is the ability to do work. • Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe. • First Law:Conservation of Energy, energy can be converted but cannot be created or destroyed • Second Law: Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy

  8. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Metabolism • All of the chemical reactions in a cell • Photosynthesis—light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell • Cellularrespiration—organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

  9. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy • ATPreleases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken. • Heterotroph and Autotroph

  10. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Overview of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis occurs in two phases. • Light-dependent reactions • Light-independent reactions

  11. Light and pigments • Photosynthesis requires light and the pigment chlorophyll • The green pigment is the wavelength reflected rather than absorbed, by plants the most – so plants are green and other colors are absorbed

  12. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase One: Light Reactions • The absorption of light is the first step in photosynthesis. • Water is split into Hydrogen and Oxygen • Chloroplasts capture light energy. • Chlorophyll a and b

  13. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase One: Light Reactions • Occurs inside thylakoid membrane • Converts ADP to ATP • Oxygen is given off by plant • Energy storing components • NADP+ and ATP

  14. Warm Up!! Use the following terms to construct a concept map: Light Light Dependent Water Glucose Hydrogen Thylakoid Oxygen Membrane Photosynthesis Electron Transport Light Independent ATP

  15. How is ATP generated in photosynthesis? Agenda: 1. Discuss Photosynthesis 2. Introduce Cellular Respiration 3. Work on Photosynthesis Review Sheet or Vocabulary Terms Georgia Performance Standard SB1-  Students will analyze relationship between structure and function in living things SB3- Relationship between cellular organisms and increasing complexity

  16. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase Two: The Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent) • In the second phase of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose.

  17. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase Two: The Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent) • The thylakoid membrane is the key to energy transfer • Process called electron transport drives the production of energy • Hydrogen moves from thylakoid into the stroma.

  18. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.2 Photosynthesis Phase Two: The Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent) • The thylakoid membrane is the key to energy transfer • Process called electron transport drives the production of energy • Collection of hydrogen in thylakoid is called chemiosmosis

  19. Light independent reactionsThe Calvin Cycle • The Calvin cycle or light independent reactions take place in the stroma • Uses ATP and NADPH from light dep. Reactions to produce high energy sugars

  20. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Overview of Cellular Respiration • Organisms obtain energy in a process called cellular respiration. • The equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis. (Glucose) + (oxygen)---->(carbon dioxide) + (water) + energy* (ATP)

  21. Overview of Cellular Respiration Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  22. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration occurs in 3 parts. • Glycolysis • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  23. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Step 1: Glycolysis • Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm by glycolysis (splitting glucose). • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Forms 2 pyruvate from 1 glucose • 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH are formed for each molecule of glucose that is broken down. • Takes 2 ATP to start

  24. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Step 2: Krebs Cycle • Glycolysis has a net result of two ATP and two pyruvate. • The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide is called the Krebs cycle. • Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix

  25. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration • The net yield from the Krebs cycle is • 6 CO2 molecules • 2 ATP • 8 NADH • 2 FADH2.

  26. Cellular Energy Chapter 8 8.3 Cellular Respiration Step 3: Electron Transport • Final step in the breakdown of glucose • Point at which most ATP is produced • Produces 34 ATP • Occurs in the mitochondrial membrane • Uses NAD and FAD to carry electrons to the electron transport chain • Moves H across the mitochondrial membrane to create concentration gradient

  27. Summary Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O)

  28. Cellular Energy 8.3 Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Respiration • The anaerobic pathway that follows glycolysis • Two main types: • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcohol fermentation

  29. Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Glucose Krebs cycle Electrontransport Glycolysis Alcohol or lactic acid Fermentation (without oxygen)

  30. Fermentation • A process in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) • Lactic acid fermentation – NADH is converted back to NAD producing lactic acid • Occurs when body can’t supply enough oxygen to the muscles during exercise = soreness, burning, fatigue

More Related