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EDM Experiments: Progress and Future Prospects

This seminar discusses the status of Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) experiments, including electron, neutron, and storage ring proton EDM experiments. The seminar also highlights the new Institute for Basic Science in South Korea and its emphasis on basic science. The seminar is presented by Yannis Semertzidis from CAPP/IBS at KAIST.

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EDM Experiments: Progress and Future Prospects

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  1. 9 February 2015 EP-Seminar, CERN The status of EDM experiments and theStorage Ring Proton EDMYannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS at KAIST Electric dipole moments (EDM) experiments • Making progress in • Electron, • Neutron, & • Storage ring Proton EDM experiments

  2. South Korea: New Institute with emphasis in basic science, $0.5B/year http://www.ibs.re.kr/eng.do Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  3. IBS/CAPP:Center for Axion and Precision Physics research Strong CP-Problem • Axion dark matter search: • State of the art axion dark matter experiment in Korea • Collaborate with ADMX, CAST… • Proton Electric Dipole Moment Experiment • Storage ring proton EDM • Muon g-2, mu2e, etc. Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  4. CAPP Group Severalmore Research Fellows signed up already… http://capp.ibs.re.kr/html/capp_en/ Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  5. Physics at the Frontier, pursuing two approaches: • Precision Frontier • (gμ-2, mw, B, EDM, ν,…) which are complementary and inter-connected. The next SM will emerge with input from both approaches. • Energy Frontier (LHC,…)

  6. Physics reach of magic pEDM (Marciano) The proton EDM at 10-29e∙cm has a reach of >300TeVor, if new physics exists at the LHC scale, <10-7-10-6 rad CP-violating phase; an unprecedented sensitivity level. The deuteron EDM sensitivity is similar. • Sensitivity to new contact interactions: 1000 TeV • Sensitivity to SUSY-type new Physics:

  7. Matter-antimatterasymmetry points to BSM CP-violation We see: From the SM: Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  8. Cosmological inventory Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  9. Purcell and Ramsey:“The question of the possible existence of an electric dipole moment of a nucleus or of an elementary particle…becomes a purely experimental matter” Phys. Rev. 78 (1950) Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  10. Short History of EDM • 1950’s neutron EDM experiment (Ramsey & Parcel), looking for parity violation • After P-violation was discovered it was realized EDMs require both P & T-violation • 1960’sEDM searches in atomic systems • 1970’sIndirect Storage Ring EDM method from the CERN muon g-2 exp. • 1980’sTheory studies on systems (molecules) w/ large enhancement factors • 1990’s First exp. attempts w/ molecules. Dedicated Storage Ring EDM method developed • 2000’sProposal for sensitive Deuteron EDM exp. • 2010’s Proposal for sensitive Proton EDM exp.

  11. Important Stages in an EDM Experiment • Polarize: state preparation, intensity of beams • Interact with an E-field: the higher the better • Analyze: high efficiency analyzer • Scientific Interpretation of Result! Easier for the simpler systems Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  12. EDM methods • Neutrons: Ultra Cold Neutrons, apply large E-field and a small B-field. Probe frequency shift with E-field flip • Atomic & Molecular Systems: Probe 1st order Stark effect • Storage Ring EDM for charged particles: Utilize large E-field-Spin precesses out of storage plane (spin vector analysis)

  13. EDM method Advances • Neutrons: advances in stray B-field effect reduction • Atomic & Molecular Systems: high effective E-field • Storage Ring EDM for D, P: High intensity polarized sources well developed; spin precession techniques in SR well understood Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  14. EDM method Weaknesses • Neutrons: Intensity; High sensitivity to stray B-fields: uniformity and gradients; Motional B-fields and geometrical phases • Atomic & Molecular Systems: Low intensity of desired states; in some systems: physics interpretation • Storage Ring EDM: some systematic errors different from g-2 experiment, large structure Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  15. An electron in an atom… Schiff Theorem:A Charged Particle at Equilibrium Feels no Force……An Electron in a Neutral Atom Feels no Force Either: …Otherwise it Would be Accelerated…(Note: Schiff actually said something else…)

  16. B E B E d d µ µ ω2 d = 10-25 e cm E = 100 kV/cm w = 10-4 rad/s  Measuring an EDM of Neutral Particles H = -(d E+ μ B) ● I/I mI = 1/2 ω1 mI = -1/2

  17. NeutronEDM experimental limits vs. year

  18. Clayton, SNS Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  19. Clayton, SNS Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  20. Applying spin dressing techniques to equalize and further reduce the stray B-field sensitivity

  21. Clayton, SNS Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  22. Clayton, SNS (Lepton Moments, 2014) Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  23. Schedule • Feb 2007 Conceptual Design Approved • 2009 Technical Feasibility, Preliminary Engineering, Cost and Schedule Baseline Approved • Aug 2010 DOE CD 2/3a Approval • Jan 2011 Beneficial Occupancy of FnPB UCN Building • Oct 2015 nEDM Project Completed • 2018 First Published Results @ few ´ 10-27 e•cm • 2020 nEDM Experiment Completed and Published @ few ´ 10-28 e•cm

  24. PSI nEDM, P. Schmidt, Lepton Moments, 2014 • The UCN source delivers sufficient statistics for data taking, potential improvements are being identified • The nEDM experiment is taking data, operational reliability has been improved during shutdown 2014 • As a test of magnetic field control we have measured the most precise gyromagnetic ratio of mercury-199 and neutron. • We expect with 300 data-days until 2016 a statistical sensitivity of σ≲10-26 e⋅cm

  25. How about an electron in an atom… Schiff Theorem:A Charged Particle at Equilibrium Feels no Force……An Electron in a Neutral Atom Feels no Force Either: …Otherwise it Would be Accelerated…(Note: Schiff actually said something else…)

  26. Schiff Theorem:A Charged Particle at Equilibrium Feels no Force……An electron in a neutral atom feels no force either. However, the average interaction energy is not zero because the EDM in the lab frame is velocity dependent E. Commins et al., Am. J. Phys. 75 (6) 2007

  27. The apparatus and parameter values • B=22 mG • V=±10 KV, E=~2 MV/m (height of cell ~1cm) • SCT = 102 s Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  28. The data • The drift in frequency is taken out by taking the frequency difference between the cells. • Runs with micro-sparking are taken out. Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  29. The results and best limits • It now dominates the limits on many parameters • They expect another improvement factor ~3 - 5.

  30. History of 199Hg EDM results Lamoreaux Jacobs Klipstein Fortson Griffith Swallows Romalis Loftus Fortson Current sensitivity 1987 1993 1995 2001 2014 2009 Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  31. ThO EDM: The ACME team Paul Hess Ben Spaun Elizabeth Petrik Cris Panda Nick Hutzler Jacob Baron Adam West Brendon O’Leary Ivan Kozyryev Max Parsons • Wes • Campbell Emil Kirilov Amar Vutha Yulia Gurevich DPD John Doyle Gerald Gabrielse

  32. Amplifying the electric field Ewith a polar molecule Eext Th+ Small energy splittingsin molecules enable polarization P ~ 100% (Eext~1 V/cm enough for ThO) Eeff O– Inside molecule, eEDM acted on by Eeff~ P2Z3e/a02 due to relativistic motion P. Sandars 1965 D. DeMille, LM 2014 Eeff80 GV/cm for ThO* Meyer & Bohn (2008); Skripnikov, Petrov & Titov (2013); Fleig & Nayak (2014) 104(26)84(13)75(2) Requires unpaired electron spin(s)

  33. Systematic Error Budget de x10-30 e-cm Statistical error: 37 D. DeMille, LM 2014 • Systematic shifts applied only from effects observed to move EDM channel • Applied shift small compared to uncertainties

  34. Many upgrades planned for ACME signal size • Electrostatic focusing of molecular beam: ~20x (***) • Stimulated vs. spontaneous state prep: ~8x (***) • Thermochemical beam source ~10-50x (**) • New fluorescence collection & detectors ~4-10x (*) • Cycling fluorescence ~3-10x (*) • Longer integration time ~10-100x • (***) = fully characterized in auxiliary tests • (**) = partially characterized(*) = preliminary observations and/or theory estimates D. DeMille, LM 2014 >300x gain in N appears feasible ultimately

  35. Adam Ritz, LM 2014

  36. Adam Ritz, LM 2014

  37. Adam Ritz, LM 2014

  38. Adam Ritz, LM 2014

  39. Storage Ring Proton EDM Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  40. Revolution in statistics: 1E11 pol. Protons per 1000 s • Strong endorsement from P5 under all funding cond. • Discussion with DOE-HEP office to plan a successful experiment Storage Ring Electric Dipole Moment Experiment for the Proton An experiment to probe proton EDM to 10-29ecm Most sensitive, flavor-conserving CP-violation Complementary to LHC and the neutron EDM; probes New Physics ~1E3 TeV Based on “g-2” experience using the magic momentum technique with electric fields

  41. Major characteristics of a successful Electric Dipole Moment Experiment • Statistical power: • High intensity beams • Long beam lifetime • Long Spin Coherence Time • An indirect way to cancel B-field effect • A way to cancel geometric-phase effects • Control detector systematic errors The storage ring Proton EDM methodhas it all!

  42. Feasibility of an all-electric ring • First all-electric ring (AGS-analog) proposed/built 1953-57. It worked! • Two encouraging technical reviews performed at BNL: Dec. 2009, March 2011. • Fermilab comprehensive review: Fall 2013. Val Lebedev considers the concept to be sound. • Cost (2011, 2012 engineering cost): $70M + tunnel.

  43. Proton storage ring EDM experiment is combination of beam + a trap

  44. Stored beam: The radial E-field force is balanced by the centrifugal force. E E E E

  45. The proton EDM uses an ALL-ELECTRIC ring: spin is aligned with the momentum vector Momentum vector Spin vector at the magic momentum E E E E

  46. Feasibility of an all-electric ring • Two technical reviews have been performed at BNL: Dec 2009, March 2011 • Fermilab thorough review. Val Lebedev considers the concept to be sound. • First all-electric ring: • AGS-analog • Ring radius 4.7m • Proposed-built 1953-57 • It worked! Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST

  47. The proton EDM ring evaluation Val Lebedev (Fermilab) Beam intensity 1011 protons limited by IBS , kV

  48. The proton EDM ring Total circumference: 500 m Straight sections are instrumented with quads, BPMs, polarimeters, injection points, etc, as needed.

  49. pEDM polarimeter principle (placed in a straight section in the ring): probing the proton spin components as a function of storage time Micro-Megas detector, MRPC or Si. “defining aperture” polarimeter target Extraction: lowering the vertical focusing carries EDM signal increases slowly with time carries in-plane (g-2) precession signal

  50. International srEDM NetworkCommon R&D • srEDM Coll. pEDM • Proposal to DOE HEP, NP • SQUID-based BPMs • B-field shielding/compensation • Precision simulation • Systematic error studies • E-field tests • … • JEDI (COSY/Jülich) • Pre-cursor EDM exp. • Polarimeter tests • Spin Coherence Time tests • Precision simulation • Cooling • E-field tests • …

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