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Understanding RNA & Protein Synthesis: The Key to Protein Formation

Learn about RNA & protein synthesis, the process of creating proteins from amino acids with the help of DNA & RNA. Understand how RNA differs from DNA and the crucial roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in translating genetic information into proteins.

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Understanding RNA & Protein Synthesis: The Key to Protein Formation

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  1. RNA & Protein Synthesis

  2. Protein • A polypeptide (many many pieces) • “polypeptide”  a chain of many amino acids linked together • Created by DNA and RNA • Created on the ribosome in the cell • Each protein has its own amino acid

  3. Amino Acids • What proteins are made of

  4. RNA • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) differs from DNA in the following ways: • RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine. • RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose. • RNA is single-stranded. • RNA carries the genetic information found in DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomesin the cytoplasm. • RNA comes in three forms (messenger, transfer, ribosomal), all of which are involved in translating the genetic information into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

  5. Uracil (U) • Instead of Thymine (T), RNA contains uracil. • It pairs with Adenine as well

  6. Helper • You are single • “You” stands for “u” • RNA has uracil • “Are” stands for R • RNA has ribose sugar • “single” refers to RNA being SINGLE stranded

  7. RNA vs. DNA

  8. mRNAmessenger RNA • Brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm and onto a ribosome.

  9. rRNAribosomal RNA • Ribosome binds to the mRNA • mRNA gives rRNA instructions • rRNA assembles the amino acids in the correct order

  10. tRNAtransfer RNA • Delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein

  11. Transcription • Results in one single stranded RNA. • See figure 11.7 (provided) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsofH466lqk • You could say that a protein is made up of an alphabet of amino acids

  12. Amino Acid • 20 different kinds of amino acids • mRNA only contains 4 types of bases • How can four bases form a code for all possible proteins?

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