Chemistry Unit

1. Chemistry Unit Objective 4.01 The goal of this objective is for you to be able to understand that all things are made of chemicals

2. What is a Chemical? Fold your notecard in half and draw and color a picture of something that is a chemical On the back of the notecard define chemical Are any of the items on the table chemicals?

3. What is a Chemical? Made of Chemicals Not Made of Chemicals Why are these not chemicals • Why are these made of chemicals

4. Natural or Synthetic? Natural Chemical Synthetic Chemical

5. Health risk? Toxic Nontoxic Good for humans and the environment? • Bad for humans and the environment?

6. Definition of a chemical A substance made of elements combined into molecules

7. Chemical http://www.glogster.com/glog.php?glog_id=4071521&scale=54&isprofile=true • A substance used in or formed by chemical process, • also be defined as any substance with a definite composition—always made of the same substance • Ex. water is always H2O table salt is always NaCl http://alevelnotes.com/?id=135

8. Elements combined into molecules • water? • table salt? • sugar (glucose)? • caffeine? • 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen • 1 sodium, 1 chlorine • 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen • 8 carbon, 10 hydrogen, 4 nitrogen, 2 oxygen

9. Natural vs. Synthetic Natural examples Unnatural examples Unnatural—chemicals made in the laboratory Synthetic chemicals—a chemical not formed in nature, but made by man Found in cleaning products, cosmetics, etc plastics, steel, bronze • Natural—CO2, H2O, gold, and sugar

10. http://www.random-science-tools.com/chemistry/chemical_comp_of_body.htmhttp://www.random-science-tools.com/chemistry/chemical_comp_of_body.htm http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2045/lectures/lec_1.html#ans1_2

11. Look around you What objects are made of chemicals?

12. Synthetic Chemicals What are some synthetic chemicals that you come in contact with daily Cleaning products, pesticides, paint, glue, cosmetics, smoke, industrial gases, automobile exhaust, etc

13. Synthetic Chemicals • Daily we come in contact with synthetic chemicals • Some we have control of some we don’t • Complete the chart for your contact with synthetic chemicals • Write down 2 at school, 1-2 on the way home, 2-3 at home, 1-2 on the way back to school

14. Ticket Out Create a Venn Diagram—Compare and Contrast a Natural Chemical and a Synthetic Chemical

15. Chemistry Unit Objective 4.01 cont. The goal of this objective is for you to be able to understand that all things are made of chemicals….natural and synthetic

16. What is matter? Bobby asks, “What is matter?” His older brother replies, “It’s basically anything that takes up space.” “Anything that takes up space?” Bobby inquires. “Pretty much” retorts the brother. “Well big brother, my thoughts take up space in my brain. So, are they matter?”, questions Bobby. Write a brief explanation on how his brother would respond to Bobby’s final question.

17. Matter • Define matter • Matter is anything that has mass and volume • Mass is the amount of matter in a substance • Volume is the amount of space the substance occupies

18. Mass and Volume • Quick review • Mass is measured in what units? • Volume is measured in what units? • If you have mass and you divide it by the volume what do you have? • grams • liters • density

19. What do you think will happen to the particle motion as it changes from a liquid to a gas?

20. States (phases) of Matter Solid—has a definite shape and volume Liquid—doesn’t have a definite shape, has a definite volume Gas—doesn’t have a definite shape, doesn’t have a definite volume

21. States of Matter http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html Caused by a change in temperature or pressure…by adding or taking away energy If starting as a solid increasing temperature or pressure changes it to a liquid, and so on and so forth

22. Compare and Contrast Definite volume Indefinite shape Indefinite shape Definite shape

23. Compare and Contrast Definite shape Molecules compact and close crystals Chemical Particles Moving Molecules Atoms Definite volume Indefinite volume Particles are free to move Fill entire container Fill bottom of container Indefinite shape

24. Challenge Questions The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is its____________ The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas is its______________

25. What about BEC? Bose-Einstein condensate The Scientists • Invented in 1995 by Weiman, Cornell, Ketterle • Thought of by two scientists in 1920…Albert Einstein and Satyendra Bose • Blobs of atoms that are super unexcited and super cold a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero • This is the state before a solid http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/

26. The State After Gas • Plasma • It’s super excited and super hot • Electrons and ions are free from the element that has been transformed • Depending on the element determines the color of the glow • http://bogard.110mb.com/Plasmaglobecolors.htm • Found in stars, Northern lights, and some light bulbs (florescent) • Plasma in stars is super hot • Plasma in light bulbs is much cooler http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bitesize/science/materials/changing_states/play.shtml

27. What do you think will happen to the particle motion as it changes from a liquid to a gas?

28. Homework • Complete the chart for each material

29. Homeworkb • If you don’t have access to the internet • Write a diamante poem which talks about two of the states of matter • For example it could be about solid and liquid, liquid and gas, or gas and liquid • Noun (a) • Adjective(a), adjective(a) • Verb+ing(a), Verb+ing(a), Verb+ing(a) • Noun(relating to a), noun(a), noun(relating to b), noun(b) • Verb+ing(b), Verb+ing(b), Verb+ing(b) • Adjective(b), Adjective(b) • Noun(b)

30. Chemistry Unit Objective 4.01 cont. The goal of this objective is for you to be able to understand that all things are made of chemicals….natural and synthetic

31. Element • most basic kind of matter, it can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

32. Complete the following • What is the difference between a mixture and a compound? List examples for each.

33. Periodic Table • Elements organized by their atomic number • ~109 elements • Amount changes due to them being synthesized in labs • —93 are natural elements, synthetic elements—16 that scientists created

34. Mixture vs. Compound mixture • Two or more substances combine but don’t join chemically • Individual substances keep their properties • Ex. Cereal, trail mix, air, etc.

35. Mixture vs. Compound compound http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemical_material_behaviour/compounds_mixtures/activity.shtml • Two or more elements combine chemically • Individual substances don’t keep their properties • Can’t be physically separated • Have to be chemically separated (chemical reaction) • Ex. Water, salt, etc.

36. Ways to separate mixtures • Filtration • Evaporation • Distillation • Fractional distillation • Chromatography

37. Ticket Out • How would you separate the following • alcohol and iron filling • water and sand • water and sugar • vegetable soup • water and salt • rubbing alcohol and water • Salt, pepper, water

38. http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/FoodSci_p006.shtmlhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/FoodSci_p006.shtml Candy or Marker Chromatographyactivity http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_p008.shtml