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Unit B - Chemistry

Unit B - Chemistry. Week 1. Organizing Matter. I Can…. Describe materials in terms of physical and chemical properties Distinguish between pure substances, solutions and mechanical mixtures. What do you remember?. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

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Unit B - Chemistry

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  1. Unit B - Chemistry Week 1

  2. Organizing Matter

  3. I Can… • Describe materials in terms of physical and chemical properties • Distinguish between pure substances, solutions and mechanical mixtures

  4. What do you remember? • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space • What are the states of matter? • What are the phases between the states of matter? • Write in what you remember in your notes.

  5. States of Matter • Matter exists as a solid, liquid or gas. • The state of the matter depends on the temperature • Explain this using water…

  6. Pure Substances • Is made up of only one kind of matter • There are two types of pure substances • 1) Element- cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. Found on the Period Table • 2) Compound- more than one element combined chemically together

  7. Types of Mixtures • A mixture is a combination of pure substances • There are four types of mixtures • 1) Mechanical mixture- the different substances that make up the mixture are visible. (heterogeneous) Example? • 2) Solution- the different substances that make it up are not separately visible. (homogeneous) Example? • 3) Suspension- a cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another. Example? • 4) Colloid- a cloudy mixture, but the particles are so small that they cannot be easily separated out from other substances. Example?

  8. Other Types of Matter • SUSPENSION: cloudy mixture in which droplets of one substance are held within another substance-parts will settle out over time (muddy water, ketchup, mustard, salad dressings. • COLLOID: cloudy mixture in which particles are so small it takes a very long time for separation ( milk, paint, aerosol spray, fog)

  9. Properties • To understand how substances differ, you need to observe their properties • Properties are characteristics that can be used to describe a substance • All matter has two types of properties: physical and chemical

  10. Physical Properties of Matter • Physical properties are properties that describe the physical nature of a substance • Examples: • Colour • Luster (shininess) • Melting Point • Boiling Point • Hardness- Mohs’ hardness scale • Malleability- ability of a substance to be made into a sheet

  11. Ductility- ability of a substance to be made into a wire • Crystal Shape- can be cubes, diamonds, etc. • Density- amount of mass in a volume (g/mL) • Conductivity- can it conduct electricity • Solubility- ability of a substance to be dissolved in another

  12. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances • Example?

  13. Chemical Properties of Matter • Reaction with acids • Ability to burn • Reaction with water • Behaviour in air • Reaction to heat

  14. Physical Changes • A physical change occurs when a substance changes but its chemical make-up does not change • Examples?

  15. Chemical Changes • A chemical change is when the chemical make up changes or when a new substance is formed • Examples?

  16. Take a Break! • Complete the table in your notes.

  17. Aqueous Solution • A substance that is dissolved in water • It is represented like this • CH3COOH(aq)

  18. Evolving Theories of Matter

  19. I Can… • Identify theories of the periodic table and the atom • Understand the origins and patterns of organization of the periodic table

  20. Textbook Scavenger Hunt! • Answer the Questions using your textbook • You are assigned 1 question to answer in 5 minutes. You will have to share your answers with a group of people.

  21. Ted Ed Video • Answer the Questions! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-48znAg7VE • It is said that some chemists were able to predict the existence of some elements that were not yet discovered. How did they do this? • Who is known as the father of chemistry? • What was the first element to be "discovered"? • Which element reacts violently with water?

  22. Bohr Model • Complete the Bohr Model Puzzle! http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/secsu/html/matter_and_chemical_change/ChemistryPuzzle/index.html • Complete the Bohr Model Worksheet, Hand in! • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/715-atoms-ions-and-molecules

  23. Organizing the Elements - Origins and Organizing the Periodic Table

  24. I Can… • Understand the origins and patterns of organization of the periodic table • Understand how rows (periods) in the periodic table reflect different atomic structures and columns (families/ groups) reflect similar atomic structures • Use the periodic table to find out the number of protons and electrons, and other information about elements

  25. Ted Ed Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU • Who is credited with creating the periodic table? • What did he do that set him apart? • How do you think Mendeleev was able to so accurately estimate the properties of undiscovered elements? • In 1963, what did scientists officially name the element at 101 on the periodic table? • How many scientists have an element named after them? • Lots of scientists had worked on the periodic table other than Mendeleev. What do you think would have changed had they all worked closely together to figure out the best way to arrange the periodic table? Do you think collaboration is always the best answer?

  26. Organizing the Table • One of the first attempts by scientists to create a better system for organizing the elements was made by John Dalton • He used a set of symbols for the elements

  27. A better way… • Jons Jacob Berzelius suggested using letters rather than pictures to represent each element. • The Atomic Symbol • Each element is named by 1 or 2 letters • The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always small • Example: H- Hydrogen • Example: He- Helium

  28. Putting the Elements in Order • Atomic Mass is the mass of one atom of an element. • Scientists were able to determine the average mass of an atom • John Newlands recognized a pattern when elements were listed by increasing atomic mass. • Atomic mass is compared to the mass of a carbon which is 12.0

  29. How The Modern Day Table is Organized

  30. On the Periodic Table • Staircase line-division between metals and non-metals • Metals- on the left side of the staircase line • They are shiny, malleable and ductile • Non-metals- on the right side of the staircase line, can be solid, liquid or gas • The solids are dull and brittle and don’t conduct • Metalloids- elements on the staircase line • Have both metallic and non-metallic properties

  31. Groups/ Families- groupings in the periodic table going down • They have similar reactivity • Rows/ Periods- groupings in the periodic table going across • They have similar mass

  32. Groups/ Families • Family 1: Alkali Metals- very reactive, even with water, all solids • Family 2: Alkaline Earth Metals- reactive, all solids • Family 17: Halogens- reactive non-metals, most are gases • Family 18-: Noble Gases- non reactive gases • Family 3-12: Transition Metals- have numerous different properties

  33. Rows/ Periods • 6- Lanthanide series- starts at element 57 • 7- Actinide series- starts at element 90

  34. Sodium Demo • Be ready to go outside.

  35. Take a Break! • Colour the Periodic Table found in your notes based on the properties of those elements. • http://www.ptable.com/ shows the properties and if you’re curious about an element, you can • Take your time, and don’t forget to make a legend for your coloured sections so you can use it to study!

  36. Reactivity • Non-metals- gets more reactive as we move to the right and get higher (excluding the noble gases) • Most reactive non-metal is fluorine • Metals- gets more reactive as we move to the left and get lower • Most reactive metal is francium

  37. Important Parts of the Periodic Table • Atomic Symbol- the letters symbolizing the element, used globally • Atomic Number- how the periodic table is ordered, is the number of protons in each element • Atomic Mass- how much mass an element has, number of protons and neutrons together

  38. Where are these parts? • Circle the Symbol, Put a star beside the atomic number and underline the atomic mass

  39. Inside an Element • Protons- same as the atomic number, is the defining characteristic of the element • The positive part of the element • Neutrons- found by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass • Electrons- for an atom, is the same number as the protons

  40. Where are these parts? • For these elements, how many protons, neutrons and electrons are in each element? • Make a Bohr model for each element listed

  41. To Do: • 1) Colouring the Table (Grab 8 pencil crayons!) • 2) Complete Protons, Electrons and Neutrons Table

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